Thermal Pollution.pptx

This presentation will describe introduction about thermal pollution

1. Thermal pollution sources and control measurES Presented by:

2. Thermal pollution Thermal pollution is the degradation of  water quality   by any process that changes ambient water  temperature . Rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence. Results in a change in the physical properties of water.

3. discovery Industrial thermal pollution was first addressed in 1970. Also called “ thermal enrichment ”

4. sources NATURAL ANTHROPOGENIC

5. Natural causes Geothermal vents The Geothermal Vent is a resource seam found exclusively in the mountains that emits steam. The cold seawater is heated by hot magma and reemerges to form the vents.

6. Natural causes Hot springs Hot springs also introduce excessive heat in water bodies.

7. Natural causes Volcanoes Fresh water supply and wastewater collection and treatment become vulnerable during a volcanic ash fall, which can: cause changes to water  quality  in raw water sources.

8. ANTHROPOGENIC Causes

9. Hydro electric power Generation of hydroelectric power sometimes cause negative thermal loading of water. Creates heat loss on water resources .

10. Soil erosion It is an other major factor for thermal pollution. Soil start deposition on the floor of water basin. Water id more exposed to sunlight .

11. Nuclear power points Water is used as a coolant agent in nuclear reactor. Water is heated and When water is returned to water bodies it raise the temprature of water bodies. It effects water composition and oxygen supply

12. Coal fired power stations Coal is used as fuel. Condenser coils are cooled with water from nearby water resource. Heated effluents are released in water and decrease dissolved oxygen.

13. Thermal shock When a power plant is opened or shut down for repair purpose water temprature is changed . In result life in water adapted for narrow temprature range can not survive.

14. Domestic sewage Domestic sewage is commonly discharged into rivers, canals and lakes. This sewage water has high temprature than the receiving water . Decrease the dissolved oxygen foul gases also produced causing the death of organisms.

15. Deforestation Trees and plants prevent the direct falling of sunlight to water canals and lakes. When deforestation occurs canals and lakes are directly exposed to sun and water temprature increased.

16. consequences Decreased dissolved Oxygen. Migration Increased toxins Loss of biodiversity. Ecological impacts Reproductive effects Increased metabolic rate.

17. Plants and thermal pollution Hot water makes plant roots incapable of absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Hot water causes the cuticle on the plant leaves to melt away. This increases the exposure of plants leaves to diseases, pathogens and pests more than usual. The foliage of plants may get scalded by hot water.

18. Control measures

19. Spray ponds Man made system to lower the temperature of water by evaporation, convention and radiation. Evaporation reduces the energy of remaing water.

20. Cooling towers A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which air and water are brought into direct contact with each other in order to reduce the water temperature.

21. Energy chips Production of electricity from heat than thought possible by creating a silicon chip, known as device that convert heat energy into electricity.

22. Desalination plants Desalination uses reverse osmosis technology to separate molecules from sea water . Salts are removed and temperature is maintained.

23. Less nuclear power points Reduce use of nuclear power points save world from pollution as well as destruction.

24. End shoreline deforestation S hore line deforestation is also involved in sources of thermal pollution so grow trees on shore line and end deforestation. Shade of plants prevent water from sudden change in temperature.

25. Prevent soil erosion Stop soil erosion Grow plants and grasses which reduce soil erosion. This will increase the life of water bodies and protect water life.

26. Cogeneration A process in which heat is recycled for industrial or domestic use . It reduces thermal pollution.

27. Artificial lakes Artificial lakes can be used to store water for a short time When temperature is decreased it is released into natural water bodies like canals and rivers and oceans.

28. water sheds . A watershed is an area of land draining into a common body of water, such as a river, wetland, reservoir, or ocean. Rain that falls on land flows to lower elevations and toward a common body of water; the rain transports with it many particulates and pollutants from the land. The term watershed is sometimes used interchangeably with the terms drainage basin and catchment.

29. TYPES OF WATER sheds

30. Importance Biological, physical, and chemical processes occurring within watersheds provide critical ecosystem functions and services that support plants and animals, including humans. Services provided by ecosystems within watersheds

31. water storage and flood controls At a larger scale, naturally vegetated floodplains provide storage and slow release of water. This benefit reduces the risk of flooding for anyone who lives near a river.

32. Nutrient cycling The role of watersheds in nutrient cycling is important for stabilizing the environment at local and global scales

33. Improved water quality. Natural landscapes and floodplains filter pollutants from point and nonpoint sources, promote nutrient cycling, and help retain sediment.

34. Carbon storage opportunities . Watersheds with intact natural land cover and soil resources are capable of sequestering carbon, thereby offsetting greenhouse gas emissions

35. Increased resilience in the face of climate change threats Intact floodplains and riparian areas enable healthy watersheds to be better adapted to more extreme weather patterns and changes in precipitation associated with climate change .

36. Reduced risk for invasive species colonization Naturally functioning ecosystems are more resilient and can favor indigenous species, helping them out-compete invasive species. Reduced vulnerability to invasive species.

37. soil formation Stable soils, an absence of pollutants, and a rich biological community are all characteristics of a healthy watershed. Healthy watershed help in soil formation and stop soil from erosion.

38. OTHER SERVICES OF WATERSHEDS Wildlife corridors Increased biodiversity Effect of natural disasters Timber and recreation

39. Economic importance Protecting healthy watersheds can reduce capital costs for water treatment plants and reduce damages to property and infrastructure due to flooding, thereby avoiding future costs. Additionally, protecting healthy watersheds an generate revenue through property value premiums, recreation and tourism

40. Reduced drinking water treatment and infrastructure costs Natural landscapes filter pollutants and protect water quality. A review of treatment costs and watershed characteristics for 27 drinking water utilities found that for every 10% increase in forest cover of the source water area, chemical and treatment costs decrease by 20%

41. Reduced flood mitigation costs Floodplains and natural landscapes minimize the area and impacts of floods, reduce the burden on public drainage infrastructure and increase groundwater recharge

42. Increased revenues and job opportunities . Healthy watersheds provide ample opportunities for fishing, boating, swimming, hiking, biking, wildlife viewing and ecotourism. Over 30 million people in the U.S. fish recreationally and these anglers generate approximately 1 million jobs and over $45 billion in retail sales annually

43. Increased property values Housing near healthy watersheds has higher property values than those in or around degraded ecosystems and impaired waters