thesis of copper nanoparticles and their relevance

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1. BY Jyoti rmayee Sahoo ROLL NO:19 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR. DIPTIPRIYA SETHI ASSISTANT PROFESSOR MITS SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Biogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticles and their relevance in biological application

2. Objectives To synthesize copper nanoparticles using bacteria as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach . To characterize the synthesised nanoparticles through various techniques such as SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized copper nanoparticles against various pathogens. To assess the efficacy of the copper nanoparticles in removing heavy metals from contaminated environments. To understand the mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of the copper nanoparticles .

3. Introduction NANOTECHNOLOGY : Nanotechnology holds immense importance in contemporary society due to its transformative potential across various fields. At the nanoscale, materials exhibit unique properties and behaviors , enabling advancements in medicine, electronics, energy, and environmental remediation . oreover , nanotechnology offers sustainable solutions for environmental challenges, including pollution mitigation and efficient resource utilization. NANOPARTICLES :- Nanoparticles are ultra-small particles, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers in size, exhibiting unique physical and chemical properties due to their high surface area to volume ratio, with applications across various industries and fields . Their small size grants them large surface area-to-volume ratios, making them highly reactive and effective in catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery COPPER NANOPARTICLES :- Copper nanoparticles offer several advantages over other metal nanoparticles, making them preferable for various applications. Firstly, copper is abundant, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, compared to other metals like silver or gold, which are more expensive and less abundant. Additionally, copper nanoparticles exhibit excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, making them highly desirable for applications in electronics, catalysis, and energy conversion. Furthermore, copper nanoparticles have shown significant antimicrobial properties, making them effective agents for combating bacterial infections, which is a crucial advantage in medical and healthcare applications.

4. Synthesis of nanoparticles :-

5. Sl No. Bacterial Culture Gram Nature Precursor Size of NPs (nm) Shape / Structure / Morphology 1. Escherichia coli   Gram-negative Copper Sulfate (CuSO 4 ) 100–150 Quasi-spherical 2. Mycobacterium psychrotolerans   Gram-negative Copper Sulfate (CuSO 4 ) 15–20 Quasi-spherical cubic 3. Pseudomonas fluorescens   Migula Gram-negative Copper Sulfate (CuSO 4 ) 20–80 Spherical and hexagonal 4. Pseudomonas stutzeri   Gram-negative Copper Sulfate (CuSO 4 ) 8–15 FCC, spherical 5. Pseudomonas stutzeri Gram-negative Copper Sulfate (CuSO 4 ) 50–150 FCC, cubic 6. Serratia  sp. Gram-negative Copper Sulfate (CuSO 4 ) 10–30 Polydisperse 7. Streptomyces sp. Gram-negative Copper Sulfate (CuSO 4 ) 100–150 Spherical 8. Streptomyces cyaneus Gram-positive Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4  ·5H 2 O) 29.8 Spherical 9. Shewanella loihica Gram-negative Copper (II) chloride dihydrate (CuCl 2  ·2H 2 O) 6–20 FCC, cubic 10. Salmonella typhimurium Gram-negative Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4  ·5H 2 O) 49 Spherical B ioynthesis of copper nanoparticle using different bacteria

6. Why Copper? Copper nanoparticles are chosen for biogenic synthesis due to their environmental friendliness, dependability, sustainability, and low energy demand compared to chemically synthesized counterparts. The use of biological agents like microorganisms and plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents has shown viability and acceptance, making biogenic synthesis a feasible alternative for rapid production and scaling-up processes in various applications such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, food, and agriculture.

7. Biosynthesis of Copper nanoparticles

8. Applications:-

9. Antimicrobial Activity : Copper nanoparticles possess high antimicrobial efficacy attributed to their ability to adhere to microorganisms, disrupt cell walls, and inhibit microbial growth effectively . The mechanism of action involves the adhesion of copper nanoparticles to cell surfaces, causing distortion of the cell wall and peeling off cell membranes, ultimately affecting bacterial cells.

10. Removal of Heavy Metals: Copper nanoparticles are effective in removing heavy metals from water through adsorption, where the heavy metal ions adhere to the surface of the nanoparticles, facilitating their removal from the water . Various strategies such as modifying copper nanoparticles and combining them with other materials have been explored to enhance their efficiency in removing heavy metals, making them a promising solution for water purification processes.

11. Conclusion There is a growing body of scientific evidence which confirms the antibacterial properties of metallic NPs against various bacterial species, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. Based on the literature, in some cases Cu NPs showed higher antibacterial effect compared to the other metallic NPs. However, the in vitro investigations should be confirmed by in vivo assays using animal models prior to Cu NPs’ use in the clinical setting. Hopefully , in the not too distant future, we could probably witness using Cu NPs as effective antibacterial agents in biomedical and industrial applications to fight against pathogenic microorganisms .

12. THANK YOU