Thigh - Ant.Compartment - Anatomy

Thigh - Anterior Compartment Anatomy contains many muscles and important Triangle the Femoral triangle. This slide gives you a diagramatic representation of the Ant.Compt and also Apllied anatomy facilitating Integrated Teaching.

1. Dr.Murali.M.S;M.B.A
Prof. of Surgery
D Y Patil Medical College
Mauritius.

2. The thigh is the area
between the pelvis
and the knee.
The single bone in
the thigh (femur).

3. Surface features of the
Thigh
◦Sartorius muscle
◦Quadriceps femoris
muscle
◦Adductor longus
muscle
◦Femoral triangle

4. Thigh is divided to 3
groups of muscles
called compartments.
Anterior compartment
Medial compartment
Posterior compartment
These three
compartments are
separated by fascia.

5. Fascia Lata
Anterior compartment
Medial (adductor) compartment
Posterior compartment
anterior compartment
posterior compartment
medial compartment
Fascial septa
divide limb into
compartaments

6. The anterior compartment muscles of the
thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the
leg at the knee.
The posterior compartment muscles of the
thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg.
The medial compartment muscles all adduct
the thigh & medially rotates the thigh.

7. The anterior compartment of the thigh is
homologous to the posterior compartment of
the arm.
The posterior compartment of the thigh is
homologous to the anterior compartment of
the arm.

9. Thigh innervations:
Anterior compartment from femoral nerve
L2,3,4.
Medial compartment from obturator nerve
L2,3,4.
Posterior compartment from sciatic nerve
L4,5,S1,2,3 (sacral plexus).

10. femur
medial
lateral
Anterior compartment-
Extensors of the knee
Femoral Nerve
Medial compartment-
Adductors of the knee
Obturator Nerve
Posterior
compartment-
Flexors of the knee
Sciatic Nerve
Thigh innervations

11. The outer layer of deep
fascia in the lower limb
forms a thick 'stocking-
like' membrane, which
covers the limb and lies
beneath the superficial
fascia.This deep fascia is
particularly thick in the
thigh and gluteal region
and is termed the
Fascia lata.

12. Anterior wall formed
by transversalis
fascia
Posterior by fascia
iliaca
Three compartments
Medial / Middle &
Lateral

13. Medial, short, is the
femoral canal,
contains lymph gland
Opens into abdomen via
femoral ring - site of
femoral hernia
Middle compartment
contains femoral vein
Lateral, femoral artery
and femoral branch of
genito-femoral nerve
Femoral nerve is outside
the sheath

14. Femoral Triangle:
Borders:
Superior:
Inguinal Ligament
Medially:
Adductor Longus
Laterally:
Sartorius Muscle

15. Femoral Triangle:
Floor:
Iliopsoas muscle.
Pectineus muscle.
Adductor longus muscle.
Roof :
Fascia Lata

16. Femoral
Triangle:
Contents (medial to
lateral): { VAN }
Femoral Vein
Femoral Artery
Femoral Nerve
Lymphatics

17. The base - is the inguinal
ligament
The apex points inferiorly and is
continuous with a fascial canal
(adductor canal ). It
descends medially down the
thigh & posteriorly through an
aperture in the lower end of one
of the largest of the adductor
muscles in the thigh (the
adductor magnus muscle) to
open into the popliteal fossa
behind the knee

18. Adductor Canal:
Borders:
Lateral:
Vastus medialis muscle.
Posterior:
Adductor longus /magnus
Anteromedial:
Sartorius muscle.

19. Adductor Canal:
Contents:
Saphenous nerve:
Termination of femoral nerve.
Nerve to vastus medialis.
Terminal parts of femoral
artery and vein.
Deep lymph vessels.

20. External iliac becomes…….
◦Femoral
Once passes the inguinal ligament
Lower limb
Branches into Deep femoral
Adductors, hamstrings, quadriceps
Branches into Medial/lateral
femoral circumflex
Head and neck of femur
Femoral becomes……
◦Popliteal (continuation of femoral)

21. Blood Supply:
Femoral Artery:
Superficial circumflex iliac.
Superficial epigastric.
Superficial external
pudendal.
Deep external pudendal.
Descending genicular.
Deep femoral
(profunda femoris)
Lateral femoral
circumflex.
Medial femoral
circumflex.

22. Deep Veins: Mostly share names
of arteries
◦Ultimately empty into Inferior Vena
Cava
Plantar
Tibial
Fibular
Popliteal
Femoral
External/internal iliac
Common iliac
Superficial Veins
◦Dorsal venous arch (foot)
◦Great saphenous (empties into
femoral)
◦Small saphenous (empties into
popliteal)

23. Innervation:
Femoral Nerve
Action:
Hip flexion.
Knee extension.

24. Muscles:
Iliopsoas.
Sartorius.
Quadriceps:
Rectus femoris.
Vastus lateralis.
Vastus intermedius.
Vastus medialis

25. Iliopsoas
◦ Origin - Ilia, sacrum,
lumbar vertebrae
◦Insertion – lesser
trochanter
◦Action – flexor of
thigh
◦Innervation – femoral
nerve

26. Sartorius
•Origin: Anterior superior
iliac spine
•Insertion: Medial side of
superior tibia,via pes
anserinus
•Action: flex thigh at hip
& flex leg at knee
•Innervation: Femoral
nerve

27. Quadriceps
femoris :
Rectus Femoris
•Origin: Anterior inferior
iliac spine
•Insertion: Tibial
tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of
quadriceps femoris
•Action: Flex thigh at hip &
extend leg at knee
•Innervation: Femoral
nerve

28. Quadriceps
femoris :
Vastus Medialis
•Origin: Intertrochanteric
line
•Insertion: Tibial
tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of
quadriceps femoris
•Action: Extend leg at
knee
•Innervation: Femoral
nerve

29. Quadriceps femoris :
Vastus Lateralis
•Origin: Greater
trochanter
•Insertion: Tibial
tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of
quadriceps femoris
•Action: Extend leg at
knee
•Innervation: Femoral
nerve

30. Quadriceps
femoris :
Vastus Intermedius
•Origin: Anterolateral
surface of femur shaft
•Insertion: Tibial
tuberosity via patellar
ligament, part of
quadriceps femoris
•Action: Extend leg at
knee
•Innervation: Femoral
nerve

36. A femoral hernia is
when abd. Contents
pass through a
naturally occurring
weakness called the
femoral canal

37. One of the most
common methods to
gain central venous
access in emergent
situations is via
femoral vein
cannulation.
Emergency venous
access during CPR

38. knee-jerk reflex, also
called patellar reflex
sudden kicking movement
of the lower leg in
response to a sharp tap on
the patellar tendon, which
lies just below the
kneecap