third quarter module for computer systems

iccs

1. TVL –ICT –CSS Quarter 3 – Module 2-4 INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEM (ICCS)

2. This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Types of Computer and Computer Operating Systems, Peripheral Devices, and Computer Hardware Assembly 2 The module contains lessons in the Types of Computer and Computer Operating Systems, Peripheral Devices and Computer Hardware Assembly.

3. After going through this module, you are expected to: 3 Identify materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with established procedures and check against system requirements. Obtain materials necessary to complete the work in accordance with established procedures and check against system requirements. Plan unit assembly to ensure OHS policies and procedures are followed in accordance with systems requirements. Prepare unit assembly to ensure OHS policies and procedures are followed in accordance with systems requirements.

4. 4 Lesson 1 TYPES OF COMPUTER AND OPERATING SYSTEMS We have four different computer types classified according to their performance, power, and size. A computer is an electronic device that accepts data, processes it, stores, and then produces an output . How does a computer help you as a student? Can you identify the type of computer you recently use? What is its operating system? Note: In this lesson you will learn the different types of computers and the importance of an operating system to a computer.

5. 5 Can you identify this picture?

6. 6 Desktop Computer A type of computer d esigned to fit comfortably on top of a desk, typically with the monitor s itting on top of the system unit. Desktop model computers are wide and short, while tower model c omputers are narrow and tall. Due to their shape, desktop model computers are generally limited to three internal mass storage devices.

7. 7 Laptop A small, portable computer -- small enough that it can sit on your lap. Today, computer laptops are more commonly referred to as notebook computers , but technically laptops are slightly larger in size than notebooks in both thickness and weight.

8. A tablet is a type of notebook computer that has an LCD s creen on which the user can write using finger and swipe actions or by using a special-purpose pen, or stylus. Unlike desktop computers, all user input is done directly on the tablet’s LCD screen. Hand writing is digitized on a tablet computer and can be converted to standard text using handwriting recognition, or left as handwritten text. T ablet

9. Smartphone Smartphones are a handheld device t hat integrates mobile phone capabilities with the more common features of a handheld computer or PDA. Smartphones allow users to store information, send e-mails , install programs, along with using a mobile phone in one device. Smartphone Smartphones are a handheld device t hat integrates mobile phone capabilities with the more common features of a handheld computer or PDA. Smartphones allow users to store information, send e-mails , install programs, along with using a mobile phone in one device.

10. An operating system (OS) is a software that allows a user to run other applications on a computing device. COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS Input devices such as a keyboard and mouse The operating system manages a computer's software and hardware resources, including: Output devices such as display monitors, printers, and scanners Network devices such as modems, routers, and network connections Storage devices such as internal and external drives. The OS also provides services to facilitate the efficient execution, management, and memory allocations for any additional installed software application programs.

11. Classification of Operating systems Multi-user: Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. Multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one CPU. Multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently. Multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently. Real time : Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as DOS a nd UNIX, are not real-time.

12. Most Popular Desktop Operating Systems 12 The three most popular types of operating systems for personal and business computing include Linux, Windows, and Mac. Windows Microsoft Windows is a family of operating systems for personal and business computers. Windows dominates the personal computer world, providing graphical user interfaces (GUI), virtual memory management, multitasking, and support for many peripheral devices.

13. Mac Mac OS is the official name of the Apple Macintosh operating system. Mac OS features a graphical user interface (GUI) that utilizes windows, icons, and all applications running on a Macintosh computer have a similar user interface. Linux Linux is a freely distributed open-source operating system that runs on several hardware platforms. The Linux kernel was developed mainly by Linus Torvalds and it is based on Unix.

14. Windows 87.40% According to Netmarketshare.com, the most used desktop operating system and versions used on PCs (desktops and laptops) from January to November, 2019 are: Mac OS 10.06% Linux 1.95% Chrome OS0.39% Unknown 0.20% BSD 0.01%

15. In the same way that a desktop operating system controls your desktop or laptop computer, mobile operating systems are designed specifically to run on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers and other handhelds. Popular mobile operating systems include iPhone OS / iOS and Android OS. The mobile OS is responsible for determining the functions and features available on your device, such as thumb wheel, keyboards, WAP, synchronization with applications, email, text messaging and more. The mobile OS will also determine which third-party applications (mobile apps) can be used on your device. Mobile Operating Systems

16. 17 Lesson 2 PERIPHERAL DEVICES / COMPUTER HARDWARE ASSEMBLY Peripheral devices are defined as computer devices that are not part of the essential computer (i.e., the memory and microprocessor) . These auxiliary devices are designed to be connected to the computer. The Operating System is the one manages a computer's software and hardware resources, including input devices such as a keyboard and mouse, output devices such as display monitors, printers and scanners, network devices such as modems, routers and network connections and storage devices such as internal and external drives. In this module you will learn the input and output devices that are vital for the computer to function.

17. Can you identify these pictures?

18. 19 Input device This is any machine that feeds data i nto a computer like the keyboard. Input devices other than the keyboard are sometimes called alternate input devices. Mice, trackballs, and light pens are all alternate input devices. Types of Peripheral Devices Keyboard A keyboard is defined as the set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into a computer o r to other devices. Computer keyboards are similar to electric typewriters but contain additional typing keys.

19. Mouse A mouse is a device t hat controls the movement of the cursor o r pointer o n a display screen. A mouse is a small object you can roll along a hard, flat surface. As you move the mouse, the pointer on the display screen also moves in the same direction. Trackball Trackball is a pointing device. To move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of your hand. There are usually one to three buttons next to the ball, which you use just like mouse buttons. Trackball Trackball is a pointing device. To move the pointer, you rotate the ball with your thumb, your fingers, or the palm of your hand. There are usually one to three buttons next to the ball, which you use just like mouse buttons.

20. Light pen A light pen is an input device t hat utilizes a light-sensitive detector to select objects on a display screen. It is similar to a mouse, except that with a light pen you can move the pointer a nd select objects on the display screen by directly pointing to the objects with the pen.

21. Output device Output device is any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display screens, printers, plotters, and synthesizers. Monitor Another term for display screen. The term monitor, however, usually refers to the entire box, whereas display screen can mean just the screen. In addition, the term monitor often implies graphics capabilities.

22. Plotter This is a device t hat draws pictures on paper based on commands f rom a computer. Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines with a pen. As a result, they can produce continuous lines. Multicolor plotters use different colored pens to draw different colors. ou… Printer A printer is an output device t hat prints paper documents. This includes text documents, images, or a combination of both.

23. Thank You… Computer design deals with the hardware design of the computer. Once the computer specifications are formulated, it is the task of the designer to develop hardware for the system. Computer design is concerned with the determination of what hardware should be used and how the parts should be connected. This aspect of computer hardware is sometimes referred to as computer implementation. Computer Systems Design

24. Thank You… The most common computer case is the tower. Depending on the specific number of internal drive bays and the height of the tower, these tower cases can be further classified into mini-size, mid-size and full-size. One of the biggest considerations when choosing between case sizes is the number of slots and the number of devices we would like to add to those cases. Computer Cases

25. Full Tower Full-tower cases are generally big with a height that is about or more than 30 inches (more than 76 cm). The number of internal drive bays inside these cases can be between 6 and 10. Mid Tower Another case that might be a step down, would be classified as a mid-tower case. Mid-tower cases are the most widely used computer cases. Mid Tower cases are about 18 to 24 (45 to 60 cm) inches high and they usually contain 2 to 4 internal drive bays and a similar number of external bays (for CD/DVD readers). Full Tower Full-tower cases are generally big with a height that is about or more than 30 inches (more than 76 cm). The number of internal drive bays inside these cases can be between 6 and 10. Mid Tower Another case that might be a step down, would be classified as a mid-tower case. Mid-tower cases are the most widely used computer cases. Mid Tower cases are about 18 to 24 (45 to 60 cm) inches high and they usually contain 2 to 4 internal drive bays and a similar number of external bays (for CD/DVD readers).

26. Mini Tower Mini-tower usually has up to 2 or sometimes 3 internal drive bays. Mini-cases normally stand at a height of 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 cm). Expandability is a problem with these cases. Slim Line Case Slim line cases are simply tower cases turned on their sideways. They can hold a monitor on top of the case.

27. Small Form Factor (SFF) Case Small form factor or SFF cases are custom cases that are designed to minimize the spatial volume of a desktop computer. SFFs come in a variety of sizes and shapes, including shoe boxes, cubes, and book-sized PCs.

28. Thank You… Computer Assembly Procedures

29. Thank You… Step 1: Procuring Parts First you will need to buy the parts necessary to build a computer. The parts we will use in this project are labeled in Figure 1: Processor (CPU) Computer Case Optical Drive (DVD RW and SATA capable) 4. Memory (RAM) Power Supply SATA Cables Motherboard (SATA Capable) Processor Fan

30. Thank You… Case Fan Hard Drive (SATA Capable) Assortment of case and drive screws (Not Pictured) Flowers (necessary if you are invading the space of your significant other) Note: Double check the manufacturer’s specifications on all items before you purchase them. The parts you bought should be compatible with each other.

31. Thank You… Screwdriver (for slotted and Phillips head screws) Wire cutters and strippers Needle-nosed pliers Utility knife Step 2: Gather Tools and Supplies Gather the tools you will need for the project:

32. Thank You… Warning: Using incorrect tools for a task (such as turning a screw with a knife blade) can cause equipment damage and bodily injury. Small flashlight Adjustable wrench Small container to hold screws Heat sink compound Grounding Strap You may not use every single one of these tools in every installation, but it is best to have all of them on hand in case you need them.

33. Thank You… Step 3: Open the Case Figure 3 Figure 4 Open the computer case by removing the side panels. Find the screws that hold the side panels in place and remove them (shown in Figure 3 circled in red). The panel is removed by first sliding it back (Figure 4) then lifting it away from the case (Figure 5).

34. Step 4: Prepare the case for assembly Remove any parts or packaging materials that may have been shipped inside the case (Figure 6). Remove the cover for the optical drive. On our case, we will be removing the cover on the highest drive bay to mount our DVD drive as shown in Figure 7. Do this by pressing in the retaining tabs shown in figure 8. Make note of the cables pre- installed in the case. These should be front panel connections for features such as the power switch, audio jacks and USB ports. If they are not labeled, consult the manufacturer’s documentation and label them yourself before other parts are installed in the case (Figure 8). Three things need to be done before assembly begins:

35. Step 5: Ground Yourself Put the grounding strap on your wrist (Figure 10) and connect the other end to the computer case. If your strap is not equipped with a clip to hook to the case, find a place to wedge against the metal as shown in Figure 11. This will prevent any buildup of static electricity on your body from damaging the computer components. Figure 10 Figure 11 Caution : Static electricity can ruin computer components. Always wear a grounding strap when handling any internal components.

36. Step 6: Install Motherboard To install the motherboard, we need parts that should have been included with your purchased components: I/O Bezel is a trim panel installed at the back of the case that surrounds the interface ports on the motherboard. It should be included with the motherboard. Figure 12 shows the contents of the motherboard box.

37. Thank You… Standoffs are installed in the case screw holes to create a riser that separates the case and the motherboard. The screws install into the standoffs as shown in Figure 13. Screws and standoffs should be included with the case, but it is a good idea to order these items just in case they aren’t included.

38. Follow these steps to install the motherboard in the case: Caution: To prevent damage to the motherboard it must only contact the standoffs and screws. All the standoffs and screws must be installed.

39. Step 7: Install Hard Drive The hard drive is the device that stores all your data. It is 3.5" wide and needs to be mounted so that you can gain access to the cable connections at the back (Figure 16). If that is not possible, you may need to connect the cables before you install the drive.

40. Thank You… Step 8: Install Optical Drive The optical drive is 5.25" wide and is installed in the drive bay that we removed the cover from in the previous step. Cable access considerations apply to this drive also. To install the drive: Slide the drive into the drive bay until the screw holes are lined up and the front of the drive is flush with the front of the case (Figure 18). Make sure that it is orientated correctly. Install the screws.

41. Thank You… Step 9: Install the CPU The CPU is the brain of the computer. It is installed on the motherboard in the socket shown in Figure 20. Find the corner marking that designates pin 1 of the CPU as shown in Figure 21. On this AMD brand processor, the corner is marked with an arrow. Consult the manufacturer's documentation for specific information about your processor. To install the CPU:

42. Thank You… Lift the small metal rod next to the socket as shown in Figure 20. Find the corresponding marking on the CPU socket and insert the CPU so that the markings are lined up. Push the rod down to lock the processor in place (Figure 21). Step 9: Install the CPU

43. Thank You… Step 10: Install RAM The RAM is the temporary memory location that the processor works from. Permanently stored data is pulled from disks and stored in RAM while the processor works with it. The memory is easy to install: Set the RAM board in the socket as shown in Figure 22. Check to see that the notch in the board is in the correct location. If it is not, turn it around 180º. Press firmly on both ends of the board to set it into the socket. Make sure the tabs lock into place as shown in Figure 23. Caution : Pressing the boards in when the tab is not aligned could cause damage to the RAM boards as well as the motherboard.

44. Thank You… Step 11: Install the CPU Fan Place thermal compound to the CPU following the instructions provided with the compound. Set the fan assembly on the CPU with mounting tabs aligned. Pull the locking rod down on the fan assembly to lock into place. Connect the fan assembly's power connector to the motherboard. Consult the manual to determine proper placement. Caution: Failure to apply thermal compound will result in insufficient cooling and will cause damage to the CPU and/or motherboard. The CPU fan is really a combination of a heat sink and fan together. The unit draws heat away from the CPU. To install the fan:

45. Thank You… Step 12: Install Case Fan To mount the fan: Align the mounting holes by holding the fan to the mounting pad on the inside of the case as shown in figure 25. The fan needs to be mounted so that it blows air out of the case. Insert the screws from the outside of the case and tighten. The case fan is usually installed at the back panel of the case. If the fan mount is not obvious, consult the case documentation.

46. Consult your case documentation for details and then follow these directions to install the power supply: Align the mounting holes in the case and power supply as shown in Figure 26. Insert screws and tighten. Step 13: Install Power Supply

47. With all the components installed in the case, the jungle of wires can be daunting. It is important to consult the motherboard’s manual to make sure proper connections are made. There are two kinds of connections, power, and data. Every device that has been installed needs power. In Figure 27, the power supply connectors are shown. The motherboard has two power connections, and there are two connectors specifically for SATA devices (drives). The other connectors will run fans and other non-SATA devices. Data cables connect drives and front panel devices to the motherboard. Please consult the motherboard documentation for the exact placement of connectors. Warning: Incorrect connections can damage components and cause bodily injury. Step 14: Connect Cables

48. 49 Every device that has been installed needs power. In Figure 27, the power supply connectors are shown. The motherboard has two power connections, and there are two connectors specifically for SATA devices (drives). The other connectors will run fans and other non-SATA devices. Data cables connect drives and front panel devices to the motherboard. Please consult the motherboard documentation for the exact placement of connectors. Warning: Incorrect connections can damage components and cause bodily injury.

49. 50 Step 15: Wrap-up Now that the components are completely installed, the last thing to do is to reinstall the side panels of the case. The computer is now ready to be turned on and to have software loaded in it. If the computer has problems starting up, check all component connections and mounting to make sure that you have hooked everything up correctly. Consult individual component manuals for specific troubleshooting information if problems persist.

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