This pdf on the indian polity and constitution.

This pdf on the indian polity and constitution . This pdf may be help in your examination like UPSC, etc.
The constitution is the supreme law of India. This is a written document which lays down the framework demarcating fundamental basic code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of Government and its organizations and rights & duties of the citizen.
It imparts constitutional supremacy and not parliamentary supremacy, as it is not created by the Parliament but, by a constituent assembly, and adopted by its people, with a declaration in its preamble. [3] Parliament cannot override the constitution.

It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950.[4] With its adoption, the Dominion of India became the modern and contemporary Republic of India replacing the Government of India Act, 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document. To ensure constitutional autochthony, the framers of the constitution repealed the prior Acts of the British Parliament via Article 395

1. Indian Polity and
Constitution
-presentation by Krishna Kumar

2. Constitution
A constitution is a document which embidies the faith and aspirations of
the people and enjoy a special legal sanctity.

3. Types of constitution
Written constitution
•A written constitution is one
whose provisions have been
codified into a single legal
document.
Unwritten constitution
•An Unwritten constitution is the
one whose provisions have not
been codified into a single legal
document.

4. Evolution of constitution under British
Rule
•The British came to India in 1600.
• They established their first company in Surat and second in
masulipatnam by the name of English East India company ( EEIC ).
•After the death of aurangzeb in 1707, the company started interfering in
the internal political matters.
• After the Battle of Plassey ( 1757 ) and Battle of Buxar ( 1764 ),the
company established itself as the supreme political power in India and
ruled till 1858.

5. Battle of Plassey
•It was started in June 23,1757.
•It was fought in naida district of Bengal at the Bank of river Bhagirathi.
•It was fought between the Robert Clive ( EEIC ) and Siraj-ud-daulah
( Nawab of Bengal ).

6. Battle of Buxar
•It was fought in 1764 at Buxar district of Bihar.
•It was fought between Major Hector Munro ( EEIC ) VS shuja-ud-daulah
( nawab of awadh ),shal Alam II ( Mughal emperor )and Mir Qasim ( nawab
of Bengal)
•Two treaties of allahabad were signed after this war.

7. 2 treaties of Allahabad
1st Treaty of Allahabad
•It was signed in Aug 12,1765.
•British got diwani right of Bengal
and Bihar.
•Shal Alam II got the district of
kora and Allahabad and an annual
pension of Rs 26 lakh
•It is signed between EEIC and
Shah Alam II.
2nd Treaty of Allahabad
•It is signed in Aug 16,1765.
•It was signed between the
English East India company and
shuja-ud-daulah of awadh who
became an ally of the British.

8. The Company Rule ( 1773-1858 )

9. Regulating Act of 1773
This act was implemented to control and regulate the affairs of the
English East India company.

10. Features of the Act
•The governor of Bengal was designated as the Governor to Governer
General of Bengal . The act created an Executive Council of four members
( Phillip Francis, Manson , Barewell and clavering ) to assist him.
•Lord Warren Hasting was the first governor general of Bengal.
•The presidencies of Madras and Bombay were made subordinate to the
Calcutta presidency. Earlier,the three presidencies were independent of
one another.
•The act helped for the establishment of a supreme court at Calcutta
( 1774 ).

11. •Sir Elijah Imphay was the first chief justice of the supreme court .
•The control of the British government over the company was strengthend
by requiring the court of directors to report it's revenue,civil and military
affairs in India.
•The act also prohibited the servants of the company from engaging in
private trade or accepting bribes or presents from the local people.

12. Pitt's India act of 1784
This act was introduced in the British parliament by then prime
minister William Pitt.

13. Features of the Act
•Pitt's India act distinguished between the commercial and political function
of the company.
•It established a system of double government under which the court of
directors could manage commercial affairs and a newly created body called
Board of control was empowered to manage political affairs.
•The Board of control was assigned the power to supervise and direct all
operations of the civil and military government or revenues of the British
possessios in India.
•It was for the first time that the company territories in India were called the
British possession in India.

14. Charter Act of 1793
* The commercial rights of the company were extended
further for a period of 20 yeaes.
* The salaries of the members of the Board of control was
to be paid from the Indian Revenue.

15. Charter Act of 1813
•It extends the company's trade in India for 20 years.
•It deprived the company of the monopoly of trade in India except for tea
trade and trade with china.
•All regulations made by the Governor - General councils were three after
to be laid before British Parliament.
•It alloted a sum of Rs 1 lakh to promote education in India

16. Charter Act of 1833
The act was the final step towards centralisation in British India

17. Features of the Act
•The Governor General of Bengal was made the Governor General of India
who has control all over the country.
•Note- Lord William Bentick was the first governor general of India.
•This act ended the commercial activities of the EEIC and now become
pure administrative body.
•The act attempted to create a provision of open competition for selection
of civil servants.However,this provision was negated after the opposition
from the court of directors.

18. Charter Act of 1853
This was the last of the series of charter Act passed by the
British parliament between 1793 and 1853.

19. Features of the Act
•The act for the first time , seperated the legislative and executive
functions of the Governor General's council. Six new members called
legislative councillors were added to the council.
•An open competition system of selection and recruitment of civil servants
was introduced for the first time. The Indians were allowed to appear in
the convenant civil services.
•A seperate lieutenant Governor General was appointed for Bengal

20. Zoho Show
To create beautiful presentations, download Zoho Show from Play Store https://zoho.to/cy7
Indian Polity .pdf
(This PDF has been generated using Zoho Show)