this powert point presentation is all about rabies.

Rabies is caused by biting of rabid animal.This directly effects Central Nervous System.

1. RABIES
Hydrophobia, Lyssa, Mad dog,
Madness,

12. Common Animal which spread virus or become rabid

13. Dogs -especially stray &
unvaccinated

14. Raccoon

15. Bats
Australian bat lyssavirus rabies major in Europe

16. Bats
vampire bat-transmitted rabies results in cyclic outbreaks.
Bovine paralytic rabies is endemic in the northern Mexico
to northern Argentina.

17. Ferrets

18. Foxes
In Europe, sylvatic rabiesis a major problem where the red
fox is the principal vector.

19. fox

21. Skunks

22. Cats -especially stray and
unvaccinated

23. Ground Hogs

24. Raccoons

25. Raccoon

26. Rabies in the U.S.A
The majority of rabies cases in the U.S. are
caused by bats. Skunks and raccoonsare also a
major reservoir for the disease.
Bat bites cause the largest number fatalities
since the bites are often small and people may
not even realize that they have been bitten.

27. Animals that don’t carry
rabies

28. Mammals that are less likelyto carry rabies

29. RABIES
Preventable Acute viral disease of CNS
All mammals
RNA virusLassavirusRhabdovirus

30. Epidemiology
All farm animals worldwide
except Australia and New Zealand.
Major zoonoses. Transmitted by bites of infected
animal.
Wild animals act as vectors depending on geographic
location; vampire-bats in South America, foxes in
Europeand North America, skunks in North America,
mongoose in Africa,
raccoon in the United States recently
Dogs in Pakistan , India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh

31. Serious zoonotic disease in South Darfur, Sudan. South
Africa, cattle accounted for one-half of the rabies case.
The mongoose accounted for 70% of the wild animal
cases
Rabies can infect domestic animals, wild animals
and humans. Rabies is caused by a virus and
transmitted by close contact with saliva from infected
mammals (i.e. bites, scratches, licks on broken skin
and mucous membranes). Once symptoms of the
disease develop, rabies is fatal.

32. PATHOGENESIS
Live virusEpidermis, Mucus membrane
Peripheral nerve
CNS ( gray matter )
Other tissue (salivary glands,…)
centripettally
centrifugally

35. CLINICAL SYMPTOMS
1.DumborParalyticform
2.Furiousform
2-severalweeksaftercontactwitharabid
animal.
Therabiesvirusaffectscentralnervoustissue.
Intheacutestage,signsofhyperactivity
(furiousrabies)or
Paresis(dumbrabies)predominate.

36. Cattle/ buffaloes -Paralytic form: yawning,
bellowing, incoordination, decreased sensation of
hindquarters,
drooling saliva, recumbency, and death in 4-7 days.
Furious form: hypersensitive, paralysis and death as
in paralytic form. Sheep-sexual excitement, wool
pulling, attacking, incoordination, and paralysis.
Horses-Abnormal postures, lameness or weakness,
depression, ataxia(poor muscle control), pharyngeal paralysis,
recumbency,
hyperesthesia(increased skin senstivity), biting, loss of anal
sphincter tone, death
in 4-6 days.

37. Various neurological symptoms are
then seen in man
Anxiety
Confusion
Slight or partial paralysis
Excitation
Agitation
Aggression
Hypersalivation
Difficulty swallowing
Hydrophobia (fear of water)
Symptomsusuallyprogresstowardsparalysisandcomaincases
ofbothfuriousanddumbrabbis.Deathusuallyoccursfrom
respiratoryparalysiswithindaysaftertheonsetofsymptoms.

38. DIAGNOSIS
DirectfluorescentAntibody(DFA)test.
Thetestisdonepostmortallyonthebraintissue
ofanimalssuspectedofhavingrabies.
diagnosisofrabies.Saliva,serum,spinalfluidand
skinbiopsiesareallexaminedandtestedforrabies
antigenorantibodies.

39. POST EXPOSURE TREATMENT
1.Immediatewashthewoundwithsoapand
water.
2.Disinfectionofthewoundwithasuitable
disinfectant.
3.Administrationofanti-rabiesvaccine.
4.Theuseofimmunoglobulinsisconsidered
dependingontheseverityofthewounds.

40. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1.Effective control of rabies in dogs requires the
immunization.
2.Anti Rabisin
3.RabisyvaVP 13
Parenteralvaccinationprogramsindevelopedcountries
havebeeneffectiveinpreventingrabiesindogs.
Thishasresultedinamarkedreductionintheincidence
ofhumanrabiesandpostexposurerabiestreatments.

41. Duration of immunity
Cats and dogs: 3 years
Cattle and horses: 2 years
Ferrets and foxes: 1 year

42. Oral rabies vaccination
Dogsrabiescontrolprogramsbyparenteralvaccination
indevelopingcountriesoftenfailbecausean
insufficientnumberofdogscanbevaccinated.
Oralvaccinationoffoxesinsomeeuropeancountries
andwildlifeinseveralUSstateshasbeeneffectivein
thecontrolofwildliferabies.
Massoralvaccinationofstraydogsisproposedasa
rabiescontrolmeasureinstraydogpopulations.

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Prevention is better : Because there is
NO CURE
Steps to prevent rabies
Avoid bites.
If bitten tellelders at home.
Always washbite wounds.
DONOTapply any chilli powder, coffee powder or any other
irritants to the wound.
Consult your doctor.

44. HOW TO AVOID GET BITTEN
Do not play with animalsunless you are with an adult.
Do not stare at or provoke any animal.
Do not chase a dog or throw stones at them.
Do not run if a dog chases you, instead stand still and call for he
If a dog attacks you then curl yourself and protect your face, be still
and call for help.
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45. HOW TO AVOID GETTING
BITTEN
Adults must supervise all animal -kid interactions.
Do not give the animals hugs or kisses.
Do not use aggressive punishment with the dog.
Put the pet dog in his cell with its favorite toy to chew when
there is a gathering at the home.
Avoid stray dogs, cats and wild animals.
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46. Never try to feed or approach a stray / wild animal.
Be careful of pets that you do not know.
If any animal is acting strangely, always tell the elders.
46
HOW TO AVOID GETTING
BITTEN

47. IF YOU ARE BITTEN, WHAT TO DO?
Inform the elders immediately.
Wash the wound with soap and water immediately for
at least 15 minutes.
Consult the doctor immediately so that he can decide
on the further course of action to be taken.
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48. 48
THAT CAN SAVE YOUR LIFE
IF YOU ARE BITTEN, WHAT TO DO?
Three simple steps

49. STEP -1
Wash the wound immediately with water and soap for 15
minutes. Apply antiseptics like povidone iodine. Consult your
doctor immediately.
STEP –2
A full course of rabies vaccine should be taken as per your
doctor’s advice.
STEP -3
In severe bite cases, rabies immunoglobulin should be
administered into the wounds.
49
IF YOU ARE BITTEN, WHAT TO DO?

50. IF YOUR PET BITES ANY PERSON
Confine your dog immediately.
Check and confirm the vaccination status of your Pet.
Have your Pet checked by a veterinarian immediately.
Wash the wounds of the bite victims with soap and water
thoroughly, apply antiseptics.
Immediately consult a doctor.
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51. IF YOUR PET BITES ANY PERSON
Confine your dog immediately.
Check and confirm the vaccination status of your Pet.
Have your Pet checked by a veterinarian immediately.
Wash the wounds of the bite victims with soap and water
thoroughly, apply antiseptics.
Immediately consult a doctor.
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52. RESPONSIBILITIES OF A
PET OWNER
Carefully select your pet with the advice of veterinary
doctor.
Make sure it gets socialized from when it is a puppy.
Keep it healthy and have it vaccinated as advised by
the veterinarian.
Allow children to play with your pet only when an
adult of the family is physically present to supervise.
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53. Neuter / Spay the pet.
Always walk your dog on a leash so that it can´t run
loose.
All the family members should take pre -exposure
vaccination.
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RESPONSIBILITIES OF A
PET OWNER

54. If an animal bites your pet;
Handle your pet carefully so you don´t get bitten
too!!!.
Take your pet to your veterinarian for booster
vaccination.
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RESPONSIBILITIES OF A
PET OWNER

55. 55
Vaccinate your pet regularly: you owe it to your pet
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A
PET OWNER

56. World Rabies Day is a worldwide
campaign against rabies. One
person in the world dies from
rabies every 10 MINUTES,
equaling 55,000 each year!
The disease is 100% fatal, but
100% preventable.

57. Questions