this slide shows blood and its components

blodd

1. Blood: 1 MJ MEDICOS

2. Homeostasis Blood contributes to homeostasis by serving as the vehicle for transporting materials to and from the cells, buffering changes in pH, carrying excess heat to the body surface for elimination, playing a major role in body’s defense system, and Minimizing blood loss when a blood vessel is damaged . Cells Cells need a constant supply of O2 delivered to them to support the Energy generating chemical reactions, which produce CO2 that must be Removed Continuously. Cells can survive and function only within a narrow pH and temp range, and they must be protected against micro-organisms Homeostasis is essential for Survival of cells Cellular element s in Blood Body systems maintain homeostasis Cells make up body systems

3. BLOOD 1 Describe the composition and general functions of blood ?

4. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

5. Blood It is the fluid which circulates in a closed system of blood vessels and heart and consists of a variety of cells suspended in a fluid medium called plasma

6. Composition of Blood BLOOD Gases such as such as Plasma Ions Trace elements and vitamins O 2 CO 2 Proteins Glucose Lipids Nitrogenous waste Globulins Fibrinogen Amino acids Albumins Organic molecules Water is composed of

7. Composition of Blood Cellular elements Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Lymphocytes Monocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils include m 5 10 15 BLOOD is composed of

8. The Blood It is the vehicle for long distance, it transports materials between cells and external environment, or between the cells themselves It consists of complex liquid plasma in which cellular elements are suspended (RBCs, WBCs, Platelets)

9. RBCs are enclosed bags of Hb that transport oxygen WBCs … mobile units of defense system of body, transported in the blood to the sites of injury/micro-organism Platelets, unlike other two cells which are whole cells, are fragments of cytoplasm, and play role in hemostasis

10. The blood is 8% of total body wt. 5 L in Women …and 5.5 L in Men. Three types of cellular elements are suspended in the complex liquid plasma. RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets The constant flow of the blood keeps the cellular elements evenly dispersed in the plasma

11. Cellular Elements Three main cellular elements Red blood cells – also called erythrocytes Platelets – split off from megakaryocytes White blood cells – also called leukocytes Lymphocytes – are also called immunocytes Monocytes – develop into macrophages Neutrophils – neutrophils along with monocytes and macrophages are known as phagocytes Eosinophils – eosinophils along with neutrophils and basophils are also called granulocytes Basophils – tissue basophils are called mast cells

12. Functions Transportation: 2 and C0 2, nutrients, waste Regulation: hormones, body temperature Protection: blood clotting, immune system

13. Blood Functions - Distribution Supplies Oxygen from lungs to cells Supplies nutrients from digestive system to cells Transports metabolic wastes from cells to disposal sites Transports hormones to target tissues/organs

14. Blood Functions - Regulation Regulates body temperature Regulates the pH of body fluids Regulates blood volume to support efficient circulation to cells, tissues, organs & systems

15. Blood Functions - Protection Prevents blood loss Prevents infection through the activity of white blood cells, complement & antibodies

16. Plasma Liquid part of blood Contains: Water Proteins Hormones Nutrients Electrolytes Respiratory Gases Wastes

17. Blood Constituents & their Functions.

18. RBCs

19. RBCs: Most abundant, more than 99% of all the cells. About 5 million cells/cmm If blood is allowed to stand in an anti coagulant or centrifuged, RBCs settle down --- Hematocrit --- PCV 45% --- Men, 42% --- Women. It is the percentage of erythrocytes in the total blood volume.

20. Clinical Tests Hematocrit : ratio of red blood cells to plasma Figure 16-3 100% 58% plasma volume 42% packed red cell volume <1% white cells MALES FEMALES Hematocrit 40%–54% 37%–47% Hemoglobin (g Hb/dL* blood) 14–17 12–16 Red cell count (cells/µL) 4.5–6.5 x 10 6 3.9–5.6 x 10 6 Total white cell count (cells/µL) 4–11 x 10 3 4–11 x 10 3 Differential white cell count Neutrophils 50%–70% 50%–70% Eosinophils 1%–4% 1%–4% Basophils <1% <1% Lymphocytes 20%–40% 20%–40% Monocytes 2%–8% 2%–8% Platelets (per µL) 150–450 x 10 3 150–450 x 10 3 *1 deciliter (dL) = 100 mL

21. Functions of Erythrocytes Transport Hb (Oxygen) from lung to tissues They contain carbonic anhydrase…transport CO2 Hb in RBCs act as acid base buffer Each gram of Hb combines with 1.34 ml of O2

22. WBCs & PLATELETS

23. Cellular Elements RBCs, WBCs, PLATELETS

24. WBCs & Platelets: Colorless, packed in cream colored thin layer, Buffy coat on top of packed RBC’s column (being lighter in density).

25. Blood Constituents & their Functions. Plasma: It is fluid portion of blood made of complex liquid, dispersed in it are plasma proteins, organic and inorganic substances, hormones and other substances It is 5% of TBW and 55-58% of the total blood volume

26. Blood clots on standing It remains fluid only if anticoagulant is added If whole blood is allowed to clot and the clot is removed the remaining fluid is called SERUM Serum has the same composition that of plasma but without fibrinogen and few clotting factors

27. Plasma Liquid part of blood Contains: Water Proteins Hormones Nutrients Electrolytes Respiratory Gases Wastes

28. CONSTITUENTS OF PLASMA Water ---(91%) Transport Media & heat regulation/distribution. Electrolytes --- (2%) Membrane excitability, distribution of fluid b/w ECF & ICF, buffering of pH Changes. (Na+ ,Cl- ,mainly. HCO3 & K+ also) Nutrients, Gases, Hormones, waste products (urea, creatinine)

29. Cellular Elements RBCs (Erythrocytes) WBCs (Leucocytes) PLATELETS (Thromb ocytes)

30. LEUKOCYTES

31. Leukocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes Neutrophils: – Phagocytosis. Eosinophils: --- Attack parasitic worms, and play important role in allergic reactions. Basophils: Release histamine, heparin. Monocytes: In transit to become tissue macrophages. …..Phagocytosis.

32. Lymphocytes: B-Lymphocytes: – Production of anti-bodies. T-Lymphocytes: -- Cell mediated immune response. Platelets: Hemostasis.

33. 150,000-400,000

34. ALLAH HAFIZ