thoraxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxgross.pdf

Thorax anatomy gross record

1. Lamina
Transverse
process
Superior.
articularprocess
Body
A
Spine
Vertebralforamen
Articularfacet
for
tubercle
oftherib
-Pedicle
Costalfacetfor
theheadofrib
Articularfacetfor
tubercleoftherib
Transverseprocess
Spine
Superior articular
process
Superior
costal
facet
Inferiorcostal
facet
-Inferiorvertebralnotch
Inferior articularprocess
Fig.15.8Featuresofatypicalthoracicvertebra:A,superiorview;B,lateralview.

2. T
T1
ATYPICALFEATURES
•Bodycervicalintype
•Superiorcostalfacetonthesideofbodycircular
•Deepsuperiorvertebralnotch
•Horizontallongspine
T9
T9 Onlysuperiorcostaldemifacetonthesideofbody
T10
T10Onlysuperiorlargecostalfacet(semilunar/oval)onthe
sideofbodyencroachingtheupperpartofpedicle
T11 T11Onlysinglecircularcostalfacetonthesideof
bodyextendingontherootofpedicle
•Noarticularfacetonthetransverseprocess
T12
T12•ResemblesL1vertebra
Transverseprocesssmallwiththreetubercles
•Noarticularfacetontransverseprocess
•Onlysinglelargecostalfacetonthesideofpedicle
•Articularfacetoninferiorarticularprocesseverted
Fig.15.10Featuresofatypicalthoracicvertebrae.

3. -Suprasternalnotch
Clavicularnotch
1st
Manubrium
Notches
for
cartlages
2nd
3rd
4th Body
Sth
6th
7th
Xiph
Xiphoidprocess Xipl
A
Fig.15.1Featuresofthesternum:A,anterioraspect;B,lateralaspect.

4. Sternalheadof
sternocleidomastoid
Jugularnotch
Clavicle
Sternalangle
Pectoralismajor
4thc
cart
Barear
pericare
A
Rectus
abdominis
B
Fig.15.2Attachmentsonthesternum:A,anteriorsurface;B,po

5. Tubercde
Neck
Articularpart
Non-articular part
Head
Upper
articularfacet
Crestfor
intra-articular
ligament
Lower
articularfacet
5cm
Angleof
therib
Oblique
line
Outer
surface
Innersurface Shaft
-Costalgroove
Lowerborder
Upperborder
Cup-shaped-
smalldepression
forcostalcartilage
Anteriorendofrib
Fig.15.4Featuresofatypical rib.

6. -Sympathetic
chain
Firstposteriorintercostalvein
Superiorintercostalartery
VentralramusofT1spinalnerve
-Scalenusnmedius
Serratusanterior
Scalenus
anterior
.
Lowertrunkof
brachialplexus
Subclavianartery
subclavianvein
Subclaviusmuscle
Costoclavicular ligament
alfeatures;B,attachmentsandrelations.

7. Serratus
Dosteriorsuperior
Scalenusposterior
Roughimpression
or
prominent tubercle
Senratusanterior.
A
Fig.15.6Secondrib(right):A,generalfeatures;B,attachments.

8. Posteriorintercostal
membrane
Subcostalis
Intercostal nerve
Intercostalisintimus
Internalintercostal
Extenalintercostal
Sternocostalis
Tateralcutaneous
branch
A
Anteriorintercostal
membrane
Internalthoracicvessels
Sternum
-Anteriorcutaneousbranch

9. Thoracicwall-First rib
Subdivisionsof
parietalpleura
LCervicalpleura
Mediastinum
2.Costalpleura
-3.Mediastinalpleura
Diaphragm
4,Diaphragmaticpleura
Costodiaphragmatic
nosite8th
to10thribs)(opposIt
Costomediastinal
recessesofpleura
Fig.17.3Reflectionofthepleuraasseenin:A,vertical
section
ofthetho
thoracic cavity;B,transversesectionofthe
thoracic cavity.

10. 3
A

11. 3
5
10

12. Grooveforright
subclavianartery
Superior
venacava
Esophagus
Right
vagus
nerve
Trachea
Archof
azygosvein
Rightphrenic
nerve
Rightatrium
Rootof
rightlung
Inferior
venacava
Fig.18.3Structuresrelatedtothemediastinalsurfaceof
therightlung.
Esophagus
Trachea
Thoracic
duct
Leftvagus
Leftrecurrent
laryngeal nerve
Leftsubclavian
artery
Leftcommon
carotidartery
-Archofaorta
Rootof
leftlung
Leftphrenic
nerve
Leftventricle
-Cardiacnotch
Esophagus
-Descending
thoracicaorta
Fig.18.4Structuresrelatedtothemediastinalsurfaceof
theleftlungandproducingimpressiononthissurface.

13. Vertebralcolumn
(thoracicvertebraeand
interveningintervertebral
discs)
Planeofsuperior
thoracicinlet
Superiormediastinum
Sternalplane
Inferior
mediastinum
Sternum
•Anteriormediastinum
•Middlemediastinum
•Posteriormediastinum
Diaphragm:
Fig.19.4Divisionsofthemediastinum.

14. Leftsympatheticchain
Rightsympathetic
chain
Esophagus
Trachea
Rightvagusnerve
Brachiocephalicartery
Rightphrenicnerve
Rightbrachiocephalic
vein
Longus colli
Thoracicduct
Recurrentlaryngealnerve
Leftsubclavian
artery
Leftvagusnerve
Leftcommoncarotidartery
Leftphrenicnerve
Leftbrachiocephalicvein
Thymus
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Fig.19.7Transverse sectionofsuperiormediastinumshowingthearrangementofitscontents.

15. Superiorvenacava
Ascending aorta
Transversesinus
SVC
Pulmonarytrunk
-Viscerallayerof
serouspericardium
Rightpulmonaryveins
Visceral layerof
ous
pericardium
serousp
IVC
Leftpulmonaryveins
Parietal layerof
serouspericardium
Obliquesinus
Fig.20.3Interioroftheserouspericardialsacaftersectionofthelargevesselsandremovaloftheheartshowingtransverse
andobliquepericardialsinuses(SVC=superiorvenacava,IVC=inferiorvenacava).
Pulmonarytrunk
Ascending aorta
Leftauricle
Arrowin
transverse
pericardial
sinus
Leftpulmonary
vein
Leftatrium
Parietal pericardium
Rightauricle
-Rightatrium
Crista
terminalis
Rightpulmonaryvein
Obliquesinusof
pericardium
Fig.20.4Crosssectionofheartthroughtheatriashowingreflectionofpericardiumandformationoftransverseandoblique
pericardialsinuses.Notethattheleftatriumliesbehindthepulmonarytrunkandaorta,fromwhichitisseparatedby
transversesinusofthepericardium.

16. Superiorvenacava
Archofaorta
Ascending aorta
Rightpulmonaryveins
Rightauricle
Pulmonarytrunk
Leftpulmonaryveins
Rightatrium
Leftauricle
Atrioventriculargroove
Atrioventriculargroove
Anteriorinterventricular
groove
Rightventricle
Leftventricle
Posteriorinterventricular
groove
Apex
Fig.20.6Anterioraspect(sternocostalsurface)oftheheart.Notethatthemostofthesternocostalsurfaceisformedbythe
rightatriumandtherightventricle.

17. Archofaorta
Superiorvenacava
Leftpulmonaryartery
Rightpulmonaryartery
Leftpulmonaryveins
Rightpulmonaryveins
Leftatrium
Rightatrium
Coronary
sulcus
Leftventricle
Posteriorinterventricular
groove
Apex
-Rightventricle
Inferiorvenacava
Fig.20.7Posterioraspectoftheheart.

18. Cristaterminalis
Superiorvenacava
Auricle
Musculipectinati
Openingsofvenaecordisminimi
Annulusovalis(limbusfossaovalis)
Fossaovalis
Openingofcoronarysinus
Rightatrioventricular
orifice
Valveofinferior
venacava
Inferiorvenacava
Valveofvalveor
coronarysinus
Fig.20.10Interioroftherightatrium.

19. Pulmonaryvalve
Semilunar
valves
Aorticvalve
Bicuspid/mitral
valve
(Leftatrioventricular valve)
Tricuspidvalve
(Rightatrioventricular valve)
Fig.20.14Thevalvesoftheheart.

20. Pulmonaryvalue
Infundibulum
Supraventricularcrest
Rightatrial
chamber
Septalpapillary
muscle
Anteriorcusp
ofAVorifice
Posteriorcusp
ofAVorifice
Moderatorband
Anteriorpapillary
muscle
Posteriorpapillary
muscle
Septalcusp
ofAVorifice
Fig.20.11Mainfeatures intheinteriorofrightventricle(AV=atrioventricular).

21. Fibrousring
Cusps
tendinae
Papillary
muscles
Fig.20.15Rightatrioventricular (tricuspid)valvespreadouttoshowitsstructure.

22. Superiorvenacava
Ascendingaorta
Sinuatrialnodalartery
Rightcoronaryartery
Sinuatrialnode
Leftcoronaryartery
Circumflexartery
-Leftmarginalartery
-Diagonalartery
-Anteriorinterventricular
artery
-Posteriorinterventricular
artery
Marginalbranch
Fig.20.21Arterialsupplyoftheheart(PTpulmonarytrunk).

23. Anteriorcardiac
veins
Greatcardiacvein
Obliqueveinof
leftatrium
Coronarysinus
Smallcardiacvein
Leftmarginalvein
Middlecardiacvein
A
Rightmarginalvein
SVC
Leftatrium
Greatcardiacvein
Leftmarginal
vein
Obliqueveinof
leftatrium
Coronarysinus
Greatcardiacvein
Posterior vein
ofleftventricle
Rightatrium
Middlecardiacvein
Smallcardiacvein
B
Rightmarginalvein

24. Archof
aygos
vein
-Superior
venacava
-Anygosvein
S
Accessory
6hemiazygosvein
7
7
T8
S
10
11
Rightsubcostal
-
vein
Rightascending
lumbarvein
10
11
Hemiazygosvein
-Leftsubcostal
vein
Leftascending
lumbarvein
Rightrenalvein
Leftrenalvein
Inferiorvenacava
Fig.23.6Azygos,hemiazygos,andaccessoryhemiazygos
veins.