THREADALLABOUTCOMOUTERHOWTOYHISDOTH.pptx

it's all about in threadd

1. THREAD Subtitle

2. Thread Threads in Java are a fundamental part of the Java programming language that allow for concurrent execution of code. They are the smallest unit of processing that can be performed in a Java program. Utilizing threads effectively can lead to more efficient and responsive applications, especially when handling multiple tasks simultaneously.

3. Creating Threads in Java

4. In Java, there are two primary ways to create a thread: By extending the Thread class: This involves creating a new class that extends the Thread class and overriding its run() method. The run() method contains the code that should execute on the thread. Once you have created your subclass, you can create an instance of it and call its start() method to begin execution.

5. By implementing the Runnable interface: This involves creating a new class that implements the Runnable interface and implementing the run() method. You then create an instance of the Thread class, passing your Runnable object to its constructor, and call the start() method on the Thread instance.

6. Thread Cycle The thread cycle refers to the lifecycle of a thread in a computing environment. It encompasses several states that a thread can be in during its execution.

7. New : The thread is created but not yet started. Runnable : The thread is ready to run and waiting for CPU time. Blocked : The thread is waiting for resources or another thread to complete. Waiting : The thread is waiting indefinitely for another thread to perform a particular action. Timed Waiting : Similar to waiting, but the thread will wait for a specified period before it can continue. Terminated : The thread has completed its execution.

8. The lifecycle of a thread is controlled by various methods provided by the Thread class, such as start(), sleep(), join(), and others.

9. Thread Synchronization Java Synchronization is used to make sure by some synchronization method that only one thread can access the resource at a given point in time.

10. Synchronization Synchronization means coordination between multiple processes/threads.

11. Java Synchronized Blocks Java provides a way of creating threads and synchronizing their tasks using synchronized blocks. A synchronized block in Java is synchronized on some object. All synchronized blocks synchronize on the same object and can only have one thread executed inside them at a time. All other threads attempting to enter the synchronized block are blocked until the thread inside the synchronized block exits the block.

12. This synchronization is implemented in Java with a concept called monitors or locks . Only one thread can own a monitor at a given time. When a thread acquires a lock, it is said to have entered the monitor. All other threads attempting to enter the locked monitor will be suspended until the first thread exits the monitor.

13. Types of Synchronization There are two synchronizations in Java mentioned below: Process Synchronization Thread Synchronization

14. Process Synchronization in Java Process Synchronization is a technique used to coordinate the execution of multiple processes. It ensures that the shared resources are safe and in order.

15. Thread Synchronization in Java Thread Synchronization is used to coordinate and ordering of the execution of the threads in a multi-threaded program. There are two types of thread synchronization are mentioned below: Mutual Exclusive Cooperation (Inter-thread communication in Java)

16. Mutual Exclusive Mutual Exclusive helps keep threads from interfering with one another while sharing data. There are three types of Mutual Exclusive mentioned below: Synchronized method. Synchronized block. Static synchronization.

17. Synchronized Method A synchronized method in Java is a method that can only be accessed by one thread at a time. This is useful for preventing thread interference and ensuring that shared resources are accessed in a controlled manner.

18. Synchronized Block A synchronized block allows you to synchronize only a portion of your code, which can improve performance compared to synchronizing an entire method. You can specify the object on which to synchronize.

19. Static Synchronization Static synchronization ensures that the static methods of a class are accessed by only one thread at a time. This is done using the class object as the lock.

20. Critical Sections A critical section is a part of the code where shared resources are accessed by multiple threads. Since these sections can lead to data inconsistency if not managed properly, it’s vital to implement synchronization mechanisms around them.

21. Mutual Exclusion: Only one thread should be allowed in the critical section at any time. Progress: If no threads are executing in their critical sections, then other threads should be able to enter their critical sections without unnecessary delay. Bounded Waiting: There must be a limit on how long other threads have to wait before they can enter their critical section after requesting access.

22. Capability-Based Systems Capability-based systems are security architectures that use capabilities (tokens or keys) as the primary means of controlling access to objects within an operating system or application environment. Each capability grants specific rights over an object, such as read, write, or execute permissions.

23. Fine-Grained Access Control: Capabilities allow for precise permissions tailored to individual users or processes. Decentralized Security Management: Unlike traditional access control lists (ACLs), capabilities enable decentralized management of permissions, reducing complexity and potential vulnerabilities. Revocation Mechanisms: Capabilities can often be revoked or modified dynamically without needing extensive changes across the system.

24. Language-Based Protection Language-based protection refers to programming language features designed specifically for enforcing security policies at compile-time rather than runtime, thereby preventing certain classes of vulnerabilities before they occur.

25. Type Safety: Ensures that operations on data types are valid and prevents type errors which could lead to security breaches. Memory Safety: Prevents unauthorized memory accesses which could lead to buffer overflows or similar vulnerabilities. Access Control Mechanisms Integrated into Language Syntax: Some languages incorporate built-in features for defining scopes and permissions directly within their syntax.