THREE TYPES OF CLAIMS: FACT, VALUE, Policy.pptx

Lesson that explains the three types of claims with examples provided for clearer understanding.

1. Identifying Types of Claims

2. Think about a time when you were not in favor of something you’ve heard or forced to do something you don’t want to. How did you make your point clear to them? Why did you have to disagree about something you heard or something you were told to do?

3. Define claims Identify the different types of claims (claim of fact, claim of value and claim of policy) Today we will:

4. o A claim is a statement that asserts something to be true. What is a CLAIM? o Claims can be made in various contexts, such as legal, academic, or everyday discussions.

5. There are several types of claims : Claim of Fact Claim of Value Claim of Policy

6. A claim of fact asserts that something is true or false. It can be verified through evidence and data. Example: Climate change is primarily caused by human activities. CLAIM OF FACT

7. A claim of value asserts whether something is good or bad, right or wrong. It involves judgment and subjective interpretation. Example: Vaccination is a moral responsibility for society. CLAIM OF VALUE

8. A claim of policy advocates for a particular course of action or change in policy. It often calls for a solution to a problem. Example: The government should implement stricter regulations on plastic waste." CLAIM OF POLICY

9. How to support a claim For example, a claim could be: "Urgent action is needed to mitigate the effects of climate change." Claims are the statements or assertions we make to support our position on a particular topic.

10. How to support a claim To illustrate, these would be possible reasons for our claim about climate change: Rising global temperatures Increased frequency of extreme weather events Negative impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity Reasons are the explanations or justifications behind our claim.

11. How to support a claim For instance, evidence that would support our claim would be: Data from reputable sources showing the increase in average global temperatures over the past century. Evidence is factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support our reasons.

12. Counterclaims present opposing viewpoints or alternative claims. Addressing counterclaims

13. Going back to our example, A counterclaim would be: "Climate change is a natural process and not influenced by human activities." To strengthen our argument, we should address counterclaims and provide evidence and reasoning to counter them!

14. To address this counterclaim You could provide the following: Reason: Human activities definitely contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Evidence: Scientific studies that demonstrate the link between human-induced greenhouse gas emissions and global warming.

15. Eating fast food regularly increases the risk of heart disease. The Earth orbits the Sun every 365.25 days. The United States has the largest economy in the world. Global temperatures have risen by approximately 1.1°C since the late 19th century. Water boils at 100°C at sea level. More Examples: Claims of Fact

16.   Freedom of speech is the most important human right. Watching movies is a more beneficial leisure activity than playing video games. The death penalty is an immoral and inhumane form of punishment. Public transportation is more environmentally friendly than private car use." Democracy is the best form of government." More Examples: Claims of Value

17. More Examples: Claims of Policy The government should provide free college education for all students. Companies should be required to pay a living wage to all employees. The United Nations should impose stricter regulations on international emissions. Schools should implement mandatory mental health programs for students. The use of plastic bags should be banned in all grocery stores.

18. Choose one person to share your claim, reasons, and evidence for your stand regarding cats vs. dogs in class tomorrow. Make sure you anticipate the counterarguments of each side. The group with the most convincing argument supported by logical reasons and credible, factual evidence will win! Good luck! Additional activity: Informal Debate

19. Let’s practice! It is morally wrong to use animals for cosmetic testing. CLAIM OF VALUE 2. The government should ban the sale of junk food in schools. CLAIM OF POLICY 3. Smoking is harmful to your health . CLAIM OF FACT 4. It's unethical to buy clothing produced in sweatshops . CLAIM OF VALUE 5. The death penalty should be abolished worldwide. CLAIM OF POLICY 6. Eating red meat regularly can lead to health issues such as heart disease. CLAIM OF FACT

20. Activity 1. Identifying Claims Directions: Read each statement and identify whether it is a claim of fact , value , or policy . All public schools should implement mental health programs for students. Eating too much sugar can lead to serious health problems like diabetes and heart disease. It is unethical to use drones for surveillance in private spaces without consent. The national minimum wage should be raised to P500.00 per hour. Climate change is a result of human activity, such as burning fossil fuels.

21. Activity 1. Identifying Claims Directions: Read each statement and identify whether it is a fact, value , or policy claim. 6 . Recycling programs are essential for reducing waste and protecting the environment. 7. The death penalty is an inhumane punishment that should be abolished. 8. Social media platforms are increasing levels of anxiety and depression in teenagers. 9. Government intervention in healthcare is necessary to ensure everyone has access to medical services. 10. The human rights abuses in North Korea are well-documented and need to be addressed immediately.

22. Activity 2. Paragraph Analysis Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully, and identify the types of claims (fact, value, or policy) made within it. Many countries around the world are facing environmental crises due to overpopulation and overconsumption. One of the most pressing issues is global warming, which is largely driven by human activities like deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and industrial pollution. Governments must take immediate action to reduce carbon emissions through stricter environmental regulations and the promotion of renewable energy sources. This action is essential not just for the preservation of our planet, but also for the health and safety of future generations. Allowing businesses to pollute unchecked is unethical and irresponsible. If we do not act soon, the consequences will be disastrous.

23. Answer Key (Activity 1)

24. Answer Key (Activity 2)

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