Tidal energy

Energy technology

1. Tidal Energy
Presented By :-
ROHIL KUMAR
17M713 La Rance tidal power plant in La Rance, France

2. Abstract
•Tidal energy has the potential to play a valuable part in a
sustainable energy future, extremely predictable energy
source, depending only on the gravitational pull of the moon
and the sun and the centrifugal forces created by the rotation
of the earth–moon system.
•Tidal energy has been exploited on a significant scale since
the construction of the La Rance tidal barrage in France in
1967. A tidal barrage utilises the potential energy of the tide
and has proven to be very successful.
•Kinetic energy can also be harnessed from tidal currents to
generate electricity and involves the use of a tidal current
turbine but still it is in an early stage of development.

3. INDEX
•Introduction
•History
•Tides
•Types of tidal power plants
•Tidal turbines
•Helical turbine
•Major tidal plants in World and India
- current
- under construction
- future schemes
•Pros and cons
•References

4. Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a
form of hydropower that converts the
energy of tides into useful forms of power -
mainly electricity. This is the only form of
energy whose source is the moon.

5. History
•The first tidal power station was
the Rance tidal power plant built over
a period of 6 years from 1960 to 1966
at La Rance, France. It has 240 MW
installed capacity.
•The world's second biggest tidal
power station.

6. Developing Nations
that could receive
significant benefits
from Tidal Energy
Indian Ocean: Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives, Seychelles.
Asia: China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, Vietnam.
Pacific Ocean: Fiji, Kiribati, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New

Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor, Tuvalu, Vanuatu.
Central and South America: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador,
Guyana, Panama, Surinam.
Atlantic Ocean: Cape Verde.
All coastal nations with tidal passes between coral reefs
or offshore islands.

7. Basic Physics Of Tides
•Gravitational pull of the sun and moon.
• The pull of the centrifugal force of rotation of the
earth-moon system.
•There are two high tides and low tides during each
period of rotation of the earth.

8. HOW the tides come and go ?
•The gravitational force of the moon causes the oceans
to bulge along an axis pointing directly at the moon.
The magnitude of this attraction depends on the mass
of the object and its distance away .

9. Spring Tides
•When the sun and moon are in a line their gravitational
attraction on the earth combine and cause a “spring”
tides.

10. Neap Tides
•When they are as positioned in 90° from each other,
their gravitational attraction each pulls water in
different directions, causing a “neap” tides.
•Greatest affect in spring when moon and sun combine
forces.

11. Three types of tidal plant
facilities.
•Tidal barrages
•Tidal current turbines
•Dynamic tidal power plants

12. 1.) Tidal Barrage
Two types:
•Single basin system
•Double-basin system
•Utilize potential energy
•Tidal barrages are typically dams
built across an estuary or bay.
•Consist of turbines, sluice gates,
embankments, and ship locks.
Basin

13. Single Basin System
•Ebb generation: During flood tide basin is filled and sluice
gates are closed , trapping water. Gates are kept closed until
the tide has ebbed sufficiently and thus turbines start
spinning and generating electricity.
•Flood generation: The basin is filled through the turbine
which generate at flood tide.
•Two way generation: Sluice gates and turbines are closed
until near the end of the flood tide when water is allowed to
flow through the turbines into the basin creating electricity.
At the point where the hydrostatic head is insufficient for
power generation the sluice gates are opened and kept open
until high tide when they are closed. When the tide outside
the barrage has dropped sufficiently water is allowed to flow
out of the basin through the turbines again creating
electricity.

15. Double-Basin System
•There are two basins, but it operates similar to ebb
generation, single-basin system. The only
difference is a proportion of the electricity is used
to pump water into the second basin allowing
storage.

16. 2.)Tidal Current
Turbines
•Make use of the kinetic energy of
moving water to power turbines,
in a similar way to wind
turbines that use wind to power
turbines.
•Operate during flood and ebb
tides.
•Consists of a rotor, gearbox, and
a generator. These three parts are
mounted onto a support
structure. There are three main
types:
▫Gravity structure
▫Piled structure
▫Floating structure

17. •Gravity Structures are massive steel or
concrete structures attached to the base of the
units to achieve stability by their own inertia.
•Piled Structures are pinned to the seabed by
one or more steel or concrete piles. The piles are
fixed to the seabed by hammering if the ground
conditions are sufficiently soft or by pre-drilling,
positioning and grouting if the rock is harder.
•Floating Structures provide a potentially
more convincing solution for deep water
locations.

19. 3) Dynamic Tidal Power Plant
•Dynamic tidal power or DTP is a new and
untested method of tidal power generation. It
would involve creating large dam-like structure
extending from the coast straight to the ocean, with
a perpendicular barrier at the far end, forming a
large 'T' shape.
•A single dam can accommodate over 8 GW (8000
MW) of installed capacity.
•A DTP dam is a long dam of 30 to 60 km which is
built perpendicular to the coast, running straight
out into the ocean, without enclosing an area.

20. •Other concerns include:
shipping routes, marine
ecology, sediments, and
storm surges.

21. Tidal turbine
Types:
• Bulb turbine
• Rim turbine
• Tubular turbine
1. Bulb Turbine
• has the generator inside so
very efficient.
•cannot be maintained without
stopping the flow of water

22. 2. Rim Turbine:
•generator is separate from the
turbine and is connected through a
shaft.
•generator can be maintained easier
•harder to pump water through it and
regulate the amount of power it
produces.
3. Tubular Turbine:
• commonly used in hydroelectric
power generation.
• generator mounted at a 45-degree
angle from it.
• blades can be adjusted so the
electricity demand.
• generating only the amount of power
it needs to without excessive wear and
tear.

23. Helical turbine
•Tidal Energy can be captured efficiently and
inexpensively using the helical turbine.
•designed for hydroelectric applications in

free-flowing water.
•operates in ocean, tidal, and river currents.
•does not require expensive dams that can harm
the environment.

24. Chain of Horizontal Gorlov turbines being
installed in South Korea
Prof. Alexander Gorlov

25. Operation
• self-starting with flow as low as 0.6 m/s
• smooth-running
• rotates in same direction regardless
of the direction of flow, making it ideal
for tidal applications.

26. How It Works
•The action of the apparent flow on each foil section generates both a
lift and drag force.
•Each of these net force vectors can be split into two orthogonal
vectors: a radial component and a tangential component, as "Normal
force" and "Axial force" resp.
•The normal forces are opposed by the rigidity of the turbine structure
and do not impart any rotational force or energy to the turbine.
• The axial force propels the turbine in the clockwise direction, and it
is from this torque that energy can be harvested.

27. Major Tidal plants in World
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tidal_power_stations

28. •La Rance, Brittany, France
▫The first and 2
nd
largest
tidal barrage power plant
▫Constructed between 1961
and 1967.
▫Situated on the Rance
River.
▫Contains 24 reversible 10
MW bulb turbines
generating a capacity of
240 MW and a net power
output of 480 GWh per
year.
▫Two- way generation
system and pumped
storage.

29. Annapolis Tidal Generation Facility on the
Bay of Fundy, Canada
•Constructed between
1981 and 1984.
•Generating capacity of
20 MW and a net
output of 30 GW h per
year.
•Further development is
being considered in the
Bay of Fundy.

30. Station
Capacity (
MW)
Country Location Start Ref
Bluemull Sound
Tidal Stream
Array
0.5 United Kingdom
60°41′01″N
00°59′12″W
2016
[7]
Meygen Tidal
Project
398 United Kingdom
58°39′26.1504″
N 3°7′1.5456″W
2015
[8]
Tidal Power Stations Under
Construction
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tidal_power_stations

31. Station Capacity (MW) Country Location Const
Garorim Bay Tidal Power
Station
520 South Korea Garorim Bay
Incheon Tidal Power
Station
818 or 1,320 South Korea
37°29 48 N
′ ″
126°20 32 E
′ ″
2017
Severn Barrage 8,640 United Kingdom
51°21 30 N
′ ″
03°06 00 W
′ ″

Tugurskaya Tidal Power
Plant
3,640 Russia Okhotsk Sea
Mezenskaya Tidal Power
Plant
24,000 Russia Mezen Bay
Penzhinskaya Tidal Power
Plant
87,100 Russia Penzhin Bay
Skerries Tidal Stream
Array
10.5 United Kingdom
53°26 N 04°36 W
′ ′
approx.
Tidal Lagoon Swansea
Bay
320 United Kingdom Swansea Bay
2015–
2017
Dalupiri Blue Energy
Project
2,200 Philippines 12°25 N 124°17 E
′ ′

Gulf of Kutch Project 50 India Gulf of Kutch 2012
Alderney tidal plant 300 Alderney
49°42 52 N
′ ″
2°12 19 W
′ ″
2020
Future Tidal Power Schemes

32. Tidal plants in India
•In 2011, there was an announcement that a tidal
power plant was under consideration in the Gulf
of Kutch in Gujarat. With an initial capacity of 50
MW, it was to be expanded to 200 MW
eventually. In 2016, there was news that the
Government would tie up with an Israeli firm to
set up tidal power plants in Goa.
•According to the estimates of the Indian govt, the
country has a potential of 8,000 MW of tidal
energy. This includes about 7,000 MW in the
Gulf of Cambay in Gujarat, 1,200 MW in the
Gulf of Kutch and 100 MW in the Gangetic delta
in the Sunderbans region of West Bengal.

33. ADVANTAGES DISADVATAGES
•Renewable
•Green
•Predictable
•Effective at Low Speeds
•Long Life spans
•Environmental Effects
•Close to Land
•Expensive

34. References
•Tidal energy update 2009
Applied Energy , Volume 87, Issue 2 , February 2010, Pages 398-409
Fergal O Rourke, Fergal Boyle, Anthony Reynolds
•http://www.emec.org.uk/
•Wikipedia
•www.answers.com
•energybusinessdaily.com
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tidal_power_stations
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorlov_helical_turbine
•https://sputniknews.com/asia/201609221045601301-india-tidal-waves-
power/