Tidal Energy Generation: Technologies and Potential

1. Introduction to Tidal Energy
Renewable energy from ocean tides (Earth-Moon-Sun gravitational interaction).
Predictable and reliable compared to solar and wind energy.
Promising alternative in combating climate change and fossil fuel depletion.

2. Working Principle
Tidal energy harnessed from the rise and fall of water during high and low tides.
Water flow drives underwater turbines.
Mechanical energy from tides is converted to electricity.

3. Types of Tidal Energy Generation
Tidal Range Energy:
Tidal Barrages – Water is trapped during high tide and released through turbines at low tide.
Tidal Lagoons – Enclosed coastal areas where water flows in/out to generate power.
Tidal Stream Energy:
Tidal Stream Turbines – Underwater turbines driven by natural tidal currents.
Oscillating Hydrofoils and Venturi Systems – Advanced methods using water flow for energy generation.

4. Benefits of Tidal Energy
Predictable and consistent energy source.
Renewable and sustainable.
Low operational and maintenance costs.
Long-lasting infrastructure (barrages, turbines).

5. Environmental and Economic Impact
Environmental: Possible disruption to marine ecosystems, but reduces greenhouse gases.
Economic: High initial costs but low operating expenses; job creation in coastal areas.

6. Challenges in Tidal Energy
High capital investment for infrastructure.
Environmental concerns (impact on marine life and ecosystems).
Location-specific (suitable for areas with strong currents and tidal ranges).
Requires further technological development for efficiency.

7. Conclusion
Tidal energy is a sustainable and predictable energy source.
With advancements in technology, it can become a key player in global clean energy solutions.

1. Tidal Energy Generation: Technologies and Potential Roll No. Name PRN No. 45 Palande Saish Pramod UEE22M1047 46 Pangavhane Kunal Pradip UEE22M1048 47 Patole Renuka Arun UEE22F1050 48 Pawar Sai Dilip UEE22M1051 Guided By - Name – Prof. P.S. Chobe Designation – Asst. Professor Course – RES (EE305A) Presented By – Group No: 08 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon Self Learning Activity

2. Introduction to Tidal Energy Generation: Technologies and Potential 2 Tidal energy is a form of renewable energy harnessed from the natural rise and fall of ocean tides caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Unlike solar or wind energy, tidal energy is highly predictable and reliable, making it a promising source of clean energy. With growing concerns over climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels, tidal energy offers a sustainable alternative. This report explores the current technologies used in tidal energy generation and the potential for its expansion globally. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

3. Tidal energy generation works by capturing the kinetic and potential energy of ocean water during tidal cycles. As the tide rises and falls, the movement of water is directed to drive turbines, which convert the mechanical energy into electricity. The basic steps involved are: 3 Basic Working Principle DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon High and Low Tides : The gravitational forces between the Earth, Moon, and Sun cause periodic rise (high tide) and fall (low tide) of sea levels. Turbine Movement : The flow of water during these tidal changes drives underwater turbines. Energy Conversion : The turbines convert the mechanical energy of the water into electricity, which is then transmitted to the grid.

4. There are two primary technologies used to generate tidal energy: 4 Types of Tidal Energy Generation DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon Tidal Range Energy:- Tidal Barrages : These are dam-like structures built across estuaries or bays. When the tide rises, water is trapped behind the barrage and then released through turbines during low tide. This process generates power by exploiting the difference in water levels (tidal range) between high and low tides. Tidal Lagoons : These are enclosed structures built in coastal areas. Water is allowed to flow into the lagoon during high tide and is released during low tide, driving turbines. This method is less environmentally disruptive compared to barrages.

5. Types of Tidal Energy Generation 2. Tidal Stream Energy:- Tidal Stream Turbines: These devices are placed underwater, where the natural tidal currents drive the turbine blades to generate electricity. These turbines function much like wind turbines but are driven by the movement of water rather than air. Oscillating Hydrofoils and Venturi Systems : Other advanced designs that convert tidal currents into electricity using varying methods of channeling or oscillating water flow. 5 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon

6. Benefits of Tidal Energy 6 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon Predictability : Tidal energy is predictable and consistent, unlike solar and wind power, which are weather-dependent. Renewable : It harnesses the natural and recurring tidal movements, offering a sustainable energy source. Low Operational Costs : Once installed, tidal energy systems require relatively low maintenance and operational expenses. Longevity : Tidal infrastructure, such as barrages and turbines, tends to have long operational lifespans, ensuring stable long-term energy production.

7. Environmental and Economic Impact Environmental Impact:- Marine Ecosystems : The construction of tidal barrages can disrupt marine ecosystems, affecting the movement of fish and other aquatic species. It can also alter water flow and sediment deposition, impacting local biodiversity. Greenhouse Gas Reduction : Tidal energy helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to lower carbon emissions and aiding in the fight against climate change. Noise and Turbine Effects : Tidal stream turbines may pose risks to marine life through noise pollution and the possibility of marine creatures coming into contact with turbine blades. Economic Impact:- High Initial Costs : Building tidal energy systems, especially large-scale barrages and lagoons, involves significant upfront investment. However, these costs are offset over time by the low operating expenses. Job Creation : The construction, operation, and maintenance of tidal power projects create job opportunities in coastal regions. Energy Security : Tidal energy can contribute to national energy security by diversifying energy sources and reducing reliance on imported fuels. 7

8. Challenges in Tidal Energy Generation 8 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon High Capital Costs : Building tidal barrages, lagoons, and turbine systems requires significant investment, limiting their adoption in many regions. Environmental Concerns : There are ongoing concerns about the potential disruption of coastal and marine ecosystems due to the installation of large tidal infrastructure. Location-Specific : Tidal energy is highly location-dependent, requiring specific coastal conditions like high tidal ranges and strong currents. Only certain areas of the world are suitable for its efficient generation. Technological Development : Tidal energy technology is still evolving. While significant advancements have been made, the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of tidal energy systems require further improvement.

9. 9 Conclusion DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon Tidal energy is a promising renewable energy source with considerable potential due to its predictability and sustainability. While current technologies show promise, the challenges of high costs, environmental impact, and location limitations must be addressed. As technology improves and becomes more economically viable, tidal energy could play a significant role in the global transition to clean and sustainable energy solutions. Continued investment, research, and innovation are necessary to realize the full potential of tidal energy generation.

10. References 10 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon Blunden, L. S., & Bahaj , A. S. (2007). "Tidal energy resource assessment for tidal stream generators." IET Renewable Power Generation , 2(4), 241-249. DOI: 10.1049/iet-rpg:20070004 Baker, A. C. (1991). "Tidal Power." IEEE Proceedings A - Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews , 138(5), 391-405. DOI: 10.1049/ip-a-3.1991.0058 Mofor , L., Goldsmith, J., & Jones, F. (2014). "Ocean Energy: Technology Readiness, Patents, Deployment Status, and Policy Recommendations." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society , DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6943951 Coles, D., Blunden, L., Bahaj , A. S., & Batten, W. M. (2017). "An experimental investigation into tidal stream turbine wake recovery performance in the presence of waves." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering , 42(1), 52-61. DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2016.2578605 Lewis, M., Neill, S., Robins, P., & Hashemi , M. (2015). "Resource assessment for future generations of tidal-stream energy arrays." Energy , 83, 403-415. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.02.038

11. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon 11 THANK YOU…!