Tiger

biology of tiger

1. Tiger Presented By Group-B1 ID NO: 1201040 – 1201052 Level-4;Semester-1 Faculty of Veterinary Science

2. Introduction Taxonomic classification Description Biological characteristics Reproduction Feeds & feeding Restraining Important diseases Outlines

3. The tiger is the largest member of the Felidae family Genus Panthera are called roaring cats because they have an incompletely ossified hyoid apparatus Historic tiger range ran from Turkey through S outh & South-East Asia to the eastern part of the continent Today they are only found in S outh & South-East Asia , China & Russia In the early 1900s there were 100000 tigers throughout their range Today approximately 3200 exist in the wild Introduction

4. Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Subphylum : Vertebrata Class : Mammalia Order : Carnivora Family : Felidae Genus : Panthera Species : Panthera tigris Taxonomic Classification

5. Length : 4.6-12.2 ft. Height : 3-3.5 ft. Weight : 220-675 pounds Colors and markings : Orange with a white belly and black stripes Shape : oval body that is low to the ground Description

6. Six surviving subspecies of tiger: Bengal tiger ( Panthera tigris tigris ) Indochinese tiger ( Panthera tigris corbetti ) Malayan tiger ( Panthera tigris jacksoni ) Siberian tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) Southchina tiger ( Panthera tigris amoyensis ) Sumatran tiger ( Panthera tigris sumatrae ) Subspecies of tiger

7. Bengal tiger Indochinese tiger Malayan tiger

8. Siberian tiger South-china tiger Sumatran tiger

9. Three extinct subspecies of tiger: Bali tiger (  Panthera tigris balica ) Caspian tiger ( Panthera tigris virgata ) Javan tiger ( Panthera tigris sondaica ) Subspecies of tiger

10. Bali tiger Caspian tiger Javan tiger

11. Tigers live in Asia. Larger subspecies , such as the Siberian tiger , tend to live in N orthern , colder areas, such as E astern Russia and North-Eastern China . Smaller subspecies live in S outhern , warmer countries , such as India , Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia They live in arid forests, flooded mangrove forests, tropical forests and taiga , depending on the subspecies Habitat

12. Figure shows how the range of tigers has changed over the past 100 years. Once ranging all throughout India , Southeast Asia, central Asia, and Eastern China, only small pockets of natural habitat remain.

13. All subspecies of tigers are extremely territorial Tigers mostly live solitary lives with exception of when they are courting, mating, or raising their offspring in case of females Nocturnal in nature Tiger's stripes are like fingerprints , each tiger has different stripes Tigers have retractable claws that are covered by an envelop when retracted Males have wider forepaw pads than females, enabling gender to be told from tracks Biological characteristics

14. Tigresses are smaller than the males in each subspecies Average speed of tiger is around 56-64 km/h A tiger can leap forward up to 33 feet at a time Unlike other felids tigers are excellent swimmers and are often found during the day relaxing in ponds, streams, and rivers. T hey are even capable to carry prey through water Tigers have 30 teeth in total. The dental formula is I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1 Biological characteristics

15. Tigers typically live 14 to 18 years Mothers guard their young so that the wandering males don't eat them Biological characteristics

16. Tigers are sexually dimorphic species Although tigers can mate throughout the year, copulation usually happens between November and April Females reach sexual maturity at around three to four years of age, while males are a little older, at an average of four or five years old Reproduction

17. Females usually wait about 2.5 years between pregnancies Gestation period is 103 days 3-4 cubs are born in a litter Cubs come out of den in 8 weeks At 2 years old , the cubs will set out on their own, and their mother will have another set of cubs Reproduction

18. All tigers are carnivores Most of a tiger's diet consists of large prey, such as pigs, deer, rhinos or elephant calves. To kill their prey, tigers will clamp down on the animal's neck with their jaws and suffocate the animal Feeds and feeding

19. There are two methods of restraining tiger: 1. Physical method a) Confinement (Squeeze cages, special bags & towels) b) Physical barriers (shields and blankets) c) Arms and nets Squeeze cage Restraining

20. 2. Chemical method Mainly blowgun tranquilization is prefered Usually Tilazol ( Tiletamine HCl and Zolazepam HCl ) is used as 2-7 mg/kg bw , IM Acts within 10 to 15 min & recovers after 4hrs Restraining

21. 1. Viral diseases Rabies Pseudorabies Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (Feline AIDS or FIV ) Feline Leukaemia Virus ( FeLV ) Canine distemper 2. Bacterial diseases Tuberculosis Salmonellosis Anthrax Bacterial meningitis Important diseases of tiger

22. 3. Fungal diseases Microsporum Dermatophilosis Coccidioidomycosis 4. Parasitic diseases Babesiosis Toxoplasmosis Tick bite fever Important diseases of tiger

23. There is about 3200; around 1411 Bengal tigers, about 450 Siberian and the same with Sumatran, Indo-Chinese is anywhere between 1100 and 1800, and the South China tiger is close to none, to be precise, less than 20 Just 440 tiger left in Bangladesh according to the latest survey The illegal poaching of tigers for their parts and destruction of their habitat are the biggest challenges faced in the fight to save tigers The Corbett Foundation, Big Cat Rescue, Global Tiger Forum, Asian Conservation Awareness Programme The mission of saving the tigers will succeed only if measures are taken with full initiative and care

24. F owler, M.E. ; Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Fowler, M.E . ; Restraint and Handling of Wild and Domestic Animals http ://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger http :// www.defenders.org/wildlife http :// www.habitat/wildlife/tiger.php http :// www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/taxonomy2.html http :// www.zooschool.ersd.net/Tiger.html References

25. Special Thanks to Dr. Md. Ariful Islam Associate Professor Department of Medicine Dr. Mst . Sonia Parvin Assistant Professor Department of Medicine

26. T h a n k y o u ! ! !