TO-INFINITIVES, GERUNDS AND PARTICIPLES.pptx

English grammar

1. FINITE AND NON FINITE VERBS

2. Read these sentences The director shot the scene in one take. She jumped from the running bus. The elephants were playing in the water. Both sides agreed to end the war. He enjoys swimming.

3. FINITE VERBS A finite verb tells us about the tense of the verb and often shows agreement with the subject of the sentence. All the underlined verbs show that the verbs are either in the present tense or in the past tense.

4. Read these sentences The director shot the scene in one take. She jumped from the running bus. The elephants were playing in the water. Both sides agreed to end the war. He enjoys swimming.

5. NON FINITE VERBS Non finite verbs do not change their form according to the tense and subject of the person. In sentences 2, 3, 4 and 5 the underlined verbs do not change according to the tense and subject of the sentences.

6. Kinds of Non finite verbs Infinitives Gerunds Participles

7. TO INFINITIVES

8. Read these instructions Students are advised to read each question carefully before answering. They are warned not to look into each other’s papers during the examination. They are advised to keep track of time and to hand over the answer paper to the invigilator. Students are also advised to raise the ir hand in case they need extra sheets of paper to write on The underlined words are To Infinitives

9. Function We use to-infinitive to express purpose The Minister for Railways has decided not to raise the train fares. We went to the Eden Gardens to watch the cricket match.

10. We also use it after certain verbs. Here is a list of such verbs. afford expect offer refuse agree hope plan seem arrange learn pretend threaten decide manage promise want

11. We can also use it after the objects of certain verbs advise help persuade tell allow invite prefer want ask order teach warn expect like refuse plan

12. We use the To infinitive after adjectives. It is wonderful to see all of you happy. She was terrified to see a snake under her bed.

13. We use it after question words like when, what, where a nd how, Mita did not know how to use the new can opener. The new watchman asked the officer when to lock up the office.

14. Check your u nderstanding (buy, thank, remind, study, bring, complete, call, preside, weigh, help) I am writing ______you for your help. Vincent offered___his father decorate the christma s tree. We use scales _________things. I stayed up late last night____my physics homework.

15. 6. I went shopping last Saturday____a present for my grandmother’s birthday. 7. Priya’s mother wants her ______hard for the exam. 8. Mohan has promised ______after he reaches Gwalior. 9. The freedom fighter was invited _____over the function.

16. GERUNDS

17. Read this speech People say I am active and lively. I prefer moving around to staying in one place. I hate wasting time. I love playing basketball every evening. My hobbies are reading , painting and listening to m usic. I also like learning foreign languages, and I already know German and French. I am also good at organising parties and picnics. The underlined words are GERUNDS

18. Gerunds are formed by adding -ing to a verb. They can be the subject or the object in a sentence. Painting is one of Aditya’s hobbies. (The gerund is used as a subject here.) Aditya enjoys painting. (The gerund is used as an object here.)

19. Function We always use gerunds after certain verbs. avoid Cant stand dislike/like suggest Cant bear Dont mind rise Keep on Cant help avoid enjoy prefer postpone practise finish love/hate

20. Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, without changing the meaning of the sentence. (Begin, continue, start, love, hate, intend, like, need) Tarun began singing Tarun began to sing I intend going on a long vacation I intend to go on a long vacation

21. We also use gerunds after the prepositions in phrasal verbs. I I had a lot of difficulty in finding my way here She insisted on paying for the book We look forward to meeting you again Wasim is capable of making the presentation. Difficulty in Worry about Insist on Believe in Keen on Capable of Succeed in Approve of Bored with Apologise for Look forward to S erious about

22. Check your understanding. Complete these se ntences using the gerund forms of the verbs in the box. (take, go, steal, service, wonder, read) Our car is in need of______ Do you remember _____an article in the newspaper about teenagers helping the traffic police? He strongly denied___the mobile phone. You are working so hard! I cannot help ____where you get all the energy from. I have no intention of_____unnecessary risks which might put my life in danger.

23. PARTICIPLES

24. PARTICIPLES A participle is a verbal adjective. It is formed by adding -ing, -ed or -en to the base form of the verb. The Necklace is an interesting story They ate boiled eggs. I sat on a broken chair.

25. Types of Participles Participles are of two types. Present participles Past participles

26. Participles are also used to show the time of action of the main verb in the sentence. We use the present participle with the form of TO BE in the continuous tense. We were discussing the results of the science exam. I am waiting in the visitor’s room for the principal.

27. We use past participles with different forms of the verb HAVE The shopkeeper had opened the shop early in the morning. My uncle has participated in many car rallies.