Tobacco ( pyridine and piperidine alkaloids ).pptx

Complete pharmacognosy of Tobacco by prity priya

1. Tobacco ( pyridine and piperidine alkaloids ) By :- Prity Priya Bpharm 2021-25 Kinpms Samastipur ,Bihar

2. SYNONYMS :- Tobacco , Tabacifolia BIOLOGICAL SOURCES :- Tabacco consists of dried leaves of Nicotiana tobaccum . FAMILY :- Solanaceae GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCES :- It is mainly found in India , Umited states , chain , Brazil ,Russia , Turkey and Italy .

3. HISTORY :- Tabacco is used as narcotic crop specially for stimulation . It is cultivated as commercial crop . The genus nicotiana has 60 species . The genus derived its name from Joan Nicot ,Portuguese by citizen who ntroduced the tabacco plant into France . The specific name Nicotine derived from the Haitian eord for the pipe in which the herb is smoked . ECONOMICS IMPORTANCE :- Generating huge source of economic benefit in the term of agricultural employment , far income revenue generation nd foreign exchange . Tabacco and total tax revenue more than 45000 crores .

4. CULTIVATION & COLLECTION :- Cultivation is done by sowing seeds , warm climate and drained fertile land is required for good growth . Transplantation is done when the seedlings are 12 weeks old . Resin Tobacco required moderate climate and proper soil . The perfect climate for cultivation is produced by countries like India ,Sumatra , Java , Cuba , America , Jaimaica and Philippnis . Flowering tops are cut in order to enhance growth of foliage . After 70-90 days f transplantation leaves are collected . Liding production countries are China , Brazil , India and USA. The time frame for planting to shipping approx. 2 years .

5. MORPHOLOGY :- Appearances – Occurs as large leaves Shape - Ovate , elliptic or lanceolate Size – 60-80 cm in lengths , 35-45cm in width .

6. Colour – Green or slightly brown Odour – Characteristics to Nicotine Taste – Bitter Surface – Pubescent Margin – Entire Base – Decurrent CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS :- The tobacco contains a number of pyridine –piperidine types of alkaloids (4-6%) ,of which (nicotine –liquid , water soluble rare alkaloids and volatile ) is most important chemical constituents .

7. Fig :- microscopy characters different types of tobacco

8. Other important constituents are nicotianine , nicotinine , nicoteine , nicoteline , nicotyrine , nicotimine , nicotinamine , anabasine . The drug also contains carbohydrates (25 -50 %) in the form of sucrose , starch , pectin ,cellulose and lignin in the addition to amino acid , enzymes , resin and vitamins . After leaves are smoked the nicotine decomposes into pyridine for furfurol , collidine , hydrocyanic acid carbon monoxide etc . The poisonous effect of Tobacco smoke are due to these substances of decomposed nicotine .

9. Tobacco processing steps

10. USES :- It is used as a stimulant , sedative , narcotic and antiseptics . It is also used as diuretic , expectorant , discutient and sialagogue . It was widely used for smoking and as insecticides . Excessive use of tobacco causes nervous depression , liver and heart disease , blindness , sleeplessness and throat problems . Tobacco leaves are made wet and applied for piles .

11. CHEMICAL TEST :- A nicotine test detect evidence of nicotine use and presumed tobacco usage . Testing is often performed on a urine or saliva sample but may also use samples of blood or hairs .

12. REFERENCES FROM BIREN SHAH THANK YOU