Tonsillitis.in children

TONSILLITIS IN CHILDREN

1. TONSILLITIS AMRUTHA R

2. TONSILLITIS Inflammation of tonsils 3-7yrs

3. RESEARCH Health news of NHS choices Admission rates for tonsillectomy has reduced between 1999 and 2010

4. Tonsils

5. WALDEYERS RING

6. TONSILS

7. TONSILLITIS DEFINITION Infection of tonsils which are glands on either side of the throat.

8. CAUSES Bacterial Viral Infectious mononucleosis

9. Bacterial Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus VIRAL Adenovirus Rhinovirus Influenza virus Para influenza virus Entero virus

10. Infectious mononucleosis Epstein barr virus

11. Types ACUTE Catarrhal stage Follicular Parenchymatous Peritonsillar abscess/ quincy

12. Catarrha l Follicular Parenchymatous Peritonsillar abscess/ quincy

13. Chronic Repeated attacks Enlarged spongy appearance Fibrous tissue Scarring of tissue Adults

14. Pathophysiology

15. tonsillitis - pathogenesis disruption of the drainage function of the lacunae , accumulation of a secretion and waste products of microbes; disturbance of tissue metabolism in the tonsils; reduction of barrier properties of the tonsils, including production of secretory immunoglobulins A; appearance of inflammatory reactions in the form of frequent pain and metatonsillar complications.

16. Clinical features Frequent throat infections Breathing difficulties Dysphagia Redness of anterior pillers Breathing through mouth Dry mucous membrane Oedema

17. Clinical features Drooling Fever Loss of appetite General feeling of unwell Swollen tonsils Change in sound

18. Clinical features Nausea vomiting Abdominal pain Furry tongue Halitosis Trismus

19. Local signs of tonsillitis Unpleasant mouth odor Unpleasant feeling in the throat Lymph nodes are small and dense Pus or tonsil stones in lacunae

20. Local signs of tonsillitis - changes in the palatine arches Hyperemia Slight swelling

21. Investigations History collection Physical examination

22. Throat swab Blood tests ASO titre

23. Management General measures Gargles Rest Hydration Foods Air Lozenges Avoid irritants

24. DRUGS Analgesics Ibuprofen Acetaminophen Antibiotics

25. ANTIBIOTICS Penicillin V 25-50 mg/kg/day divided q6h for 10d  or Benzathine penicillin G 25,000 U/kg IM once (maximum 1.2 million U)  or Amoxicillin 50 mg/kg/day PO in 2 or 3 divided doses for 10d  or

26. ANTIBIOTICS Amoxicillin- clavulanate 500-875 mg PO q12h for 10d Cefdinir 14 mg/kg PO once daily for 10d  or Cefuroxime axetil 10 mg/kg PO BD for 4-10d

27. ANTIBIOTICS Azithromycin 12 mg/kg PO once daily for 5d  or Clarithromycin 250 mg PO q12h for 10d  or Erythromycin succinate 20 mg/kg PO BID for 10d  or Clindamycin 20 mg/kg/day PO in 3 divided doses (maximum 1.8 g/d) for 10d

28. RESEARCH JOURNAL of antimicrobial chemotherapy Sept 1993- J HAMMIL

29. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

30. Surgery Indications Obstructive sleep apnoea Breathing difficulty Absess Dysphagia Malignant growth

31. TONSILLECTOMY

32. METHODS Cold stress Diathermy Coblation Electrocautery

33. CARE AFTER SURGERY Antibiotics Analgesics Fluid intake Food Prevention of complications

34. COMPLICATIONS

35. Research Child health news in Feb. 2011 Tonsillectomy increases the risk of pediatric obesity 795 children selected

36. Nursing management ASSESSMENT

37. DIAGNOSIS

38. INTERVENTION Promoting airway clearance Maintaining fluid volume Pain management Prevent complications Health education

39. Evaluation