Tools and machine used in making of furniture

it is about machines and used in making woodwork and furniture

1. Submitted by:- Shubham Aggarwal A2180315098 Furniture and detailing TOPIC:- TOOLS AND MACHINES USED IN WOODWORKING

2. WORKING TECHNIQUES

3. Working techniques Chainsaw training is designed to provide working technical knowledge and skills to safely operate the equipment. Size up  – This is scouting and planning safe cuts for the felling direction, danger zones, and retreat paths, before starting the saw. The tree's location relative to other objects, support, and tension determines a safe fall, splits off or if the saw will jam. Several factors to consider are: tree lean and bend, wind direction, branch arrangement, snow load, obstacles and damaged, rotting tree parts. A tree may have to fall in its natural direction if it's too dangerous or impossible to fell in a desired direction. The aim is for the tree to fall safely for lambing and cross-cutting the log. The goal is to avoid having the tree fall on another tree or obstacle. 2. Felling  – After clearing the tree's base undergrowth for the retreat path and the felling direction; felling is properly done with three main cuts. To control the fall, the directional cut line should run 1/4 of the tree diameter to make a 45-degree wedge, which should be 90 degrees to the felling direction and perfectly horizontal. Make the top cut first then, the bottom cut is made to form the directional cut line at the wedge point. A narrow or non-existent hinge lessens felling direction control. From the opposite side of the wedge, plan to finish the final felling cut 1/10 of the tree diameter from the direction cut line. The felling cut is made horizontally and slightly (1.5–2 inches; 5.1 cm) above the bottom cut. When the hinge is properly set, the felling cut will begin the fall in the desired direction. A setback is when a tree moves back opposite the intended direction. Placing a wedge in the felling cut can prevent a setback from pinching the saw.

4. Freeing  – Working a badly fallen tree that may have become trapped in other trees. Working out maximum tension locations to decide the safest way to release tension, and a winch may be needed in complicated situations. To avoid cutting straight through a tree in tension, one or two cuts at the tension point of sufficient depth to reduce tension may be necessary. After tension releases, cuts are made outside the bend. Lambing  – Cutting the branches off the log. The operator must be able to properly reach the cut to avoid kickback. Bucking  – Cross-cutting the felled log into sections. Setup is made to avoid binding the chainsaw within the changing log tensions and compressions. Safe bucking is started at the log high side and then sections worked offside, toward the butt end. The offside log falls and allows for gravity to help prevent binds. Watching the log's kerf movement while cutting, helps to indicate binds. Additional equipment (lifts, bars, wedges and winches) and special cutting techniques can help prevent binds. Binds  – This is when the chainsaw is at risk or is stuck in the log compression. A log bound chainsaw is not safe, and must be carefully removed to prevent equipment damage. Top bind – The tension area on log bottom, compression on top. Bottom bind – The tension area on log top, compression on bottom. Side bind – Sideways pressure exerted on log. End bind – Weight compresses the log’s entire cross section. Brushing and slashing  – This is quickly clearing small trees and branches under 5 inches (13 cm) in diameter. A hand pilfer may follow along to move out debris.

5. Tools and machines

6. A  chainsaw  is a portable, mechanical  saw  which cuts with a set of teeth attached to a rotating  chain  that runs along a guide bar. It is used in activities such as tree  felling ,  lambing ,  bucking ,  pruning , cutting  firebreaks  in  wildland fire suppression  and harvesting of  firewood . Chainsaws with specially designed bar and chain combinations have been developed as tools for use in chainsaw mills . Specialized chainsaws are used for cutting concrete. Chainsaws are sometimes used for cutting ice, for example for  ice sculpture  and in Finland for  winter swimming . CHAINSAW

7. A  circular saw  is a power- saw  using a toothed or abrasive  disc  or  blade  to cut different materials using a rotary motion spinning around an  arbour A Circular saws were invented in the late 18th century and were in common use in  sawmills  in the United States by the middle of the 19th century. A circular saw is a  tool  for cutting many materials such as  wood ,  masonry ,  plastic , or  metal  and may be hand-held or mounted to a machine .Circular saw blades are specially designed for each particular material they are intended to cut and in cutting wood are specifically designed for making  rip-cuts , cross-cuts, or a combination of both. Circular saws are commonly powered by electricity, but may be powered by a gasoline engine or a  hydraulic motor  which allows it to be fastened to heavy equipment . Process Typically, the material to be cut is securely clamped or held in a vies, and the saw is advanced slowly across it. In variants such as the table saw, the saw is fixed and the material to be cut is slowly moved into the saw blade. As each tooth in the blade strikes the material, it makes a small chip. The teeth guide the chip out of the workpiece, preventing it from binding the blade. circular saw

8. Types of circular saws In addition to hand-held circular saws (see below), different saws that use circular saw blades include: Abrasive saw Biscuit joiner Brush cutter Carbide saws Cold saw Concrete saw Flip over saws (the combination of a compound mitre and table saw) Mitre saw (chop saw, cut-off saw) Multi-tool (power tool) Panel saw Pendulum saw or swing saw Radial arm saw Sally saw Table saw

9. A  drill or drill machine is a  tool  fitted with a  cutting tool  attachment or driving tool attachment, usually a  drill bit  or  driver bit , used for  boring holes in various materials or  fastening  various materials together. The attachment is gripped by a  chuck  at one end of the drill and rotated while pressed against the target material. The tip, and sometimes edges, of the cutting tool does the work of cutting into the target material. Drills are commonly used in  woodworking ,  metalworking , construction and  do-it-yourself  projects. Specially designed drills are also used in medicine, space missions and other applications. Drills are available with a wide variety of performance characteristics, such as  power  and  capacity . DRILL MACHINE Hand drills Pistol-grip (corded) drill Hammer drill Magnetic drilling machine Rotary hammer drill Cordless drills Drill press Geared head drill press Radial arm drill press Mill drill Braces drills SDS Drills Accessories TYPES

10. Drills with pistol grips are the most common type in use today, and are available in a huge variety of subtypes. A less common type is the right-angle drill, a special tool used by tradesmen such as plumbers and electricians. The motor used in corded drills is often a universal motor due to its high power to weight ratio The  hammer drill  is similar to a standard electric drill, with the exception that it is provided with a hammer action for drilling masonry. The hammer action may be engaged or disengaged as required. Most electric hammer drills are rated (input power) at between 600 and 1100 watts. The efficiency is usually 50-60% i.e. 1000 watts of input is converted into 500-600 watts of output (rotation of the drill and hammering action). it is a portable drilling machine for drilling holes in large and heavy workpieces which are difficult to move or bring to the stationary conventional drilling machine. It has a magnetic base and drills holes with the help of cutting tools like annular cutters or with twist drill bits. There are various types depending on their operations and specializations like magnetic drilling cum tapping machines, cordless, pneumatic, compact horizontal, automatic feed, cross table base etc PISTOL-GRIP (CORDED) DRILL HAMMER DRILL MAGNETIC DRILLING MACHINE

11. A cordless drill is an electric drill which uses rechargeable batteries. These drills are available with similar features to an AC mains-powered drill. These are the most common type of drill. They are available in the hammer drill configuration and most have a clutch, which aids in driving screws into various substrates while not damaging them. Also available are right angle drills, which allow a worker to drive screws in a tight space. While 21st century battery innovations allow significantly more drilling, large diameter holes may drain current cordless drills quickly. A drill press (also known as a pedestal drill, pillar drill, or bench drill) is a fixed style of drill that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor or workbench. Portable models with a magnetic base grip the steel workpieces they drill. A drill press consists of a base, column (or pillar), table, spindle (or quill), and drill head, usually driven by an induction motor. The head has a set of handles (usually 3) radiating from a central hub that, when turned, move the spindle and chuck vertically, parallel to the axis of the column. The drill press is typically measured in terms of  swing .  A geared head drill press is a drill press in which power transmission from the motor to the spindle is achieved solely through spur gearing inside the machine's head. No friction elements (e.g., belts) of any kind are used, which assures a positive drive at all times and minimizes maintenance requirements. Geared head drill press. Shift levers on the head and a two speed motor control immediately in front of the quill handle select one of eight possible speeds DRILL PRESS CORDLESS DRILLS GEARED HEAD DRILL PRESS

12. A  jigsaw  is a saw which uses a  reciprocating blade  to cut irregular  curves , such as  stencilled  designs, in  wood ,  metal , or other materials. Today they are electrically powered and known as  scroll saws , and have been largely displaced by portable  power jigsaws . Jigsaws first emerged in the 19th century and employed a  treadle  to operate the blade. The modern portable jigsaw was introduced in 1947 by Scintilla AG. A jigsaw with a bevel function on the sole plate allows cutting angles of typically up to 45 degrees relative to the normal vertical stroke for cutting mitre joints. In the past, what are now usually called scroll saws were often referred to as jigsaws. A power jigsaw may also be referred to, by some manufacturers, as a "bayonet saw" or sabre saw. JIGSAW

13. A  mitre saw  ( mitre  in  British English ) is a  saw  used to make accurate crosscuts and  mitres  in a workpiece by pulling a large  backsaw  or a mounted  circular saw  blade down onto a board in a quick motion. Both mitre saws and abrasive cut off saws are commonly referred to as a  chop saw . Most mitre saws are relatively small and portable, with common blade sizes ranging from eight to twelve inches. PROCESS The power mitre saw makes cuts by pulling a spinning  circular saw blade  down onto a workpiece in a short, controlled motion. The workpiece is typically held against a  fence , which provides a precise cutting angle between the plane of the blade and the plane of the longest workpiece edge. In standard position, this angle is fixed at 90 MITRE SAW

14. A  laser guide  provides a precise visual indication of where the cut will be positioned on the workpiece in the current configuration A  blade guard  is a cover for the teeth of the cutting blade. Most modern mitre saws have self-retracting blade guards, which automatically retract when the saw is lowered onto a workpiece and re-cover the blade when the saw is raised. A  dust bag  connects directly to the saw, and helps to collect sawdust away from the workpiece during cutting. An adapters to connect an industrial vacuum cleaner in lieu of a bag to capture more of the dust and simplify disposal. FEATURES

15. A  nail gun ,  nail gun  or  nailery  is a type of  tool  used to drive  nails  into  wood  or some other kind of material. It is usually driven by  compressed   air   electromagnetism , highly flammable gases such as  butane  or  propane , or, for  powder-actuated tools , a small  explosive charge . Nail guns have in many ways replaced  hammers  as tools of choice among builders. The nail gun was designed by Morris Pyknons, a civil engineer by training, for his work The wooden fuselage was nailed together and glued, and then the nails were removed. The first nail gun used air pressure and was introduced to the market in 1950 to speed the construction of housing floor sheathing and sub-floors. With the original nail gun, the operator used it while standing and could nail 40-60 nails a minute. It had a capacity of 400-600 nails. NAIL GUN

16. Powder-actuated nail gun Direct drive or high velocity devices. This uses gas pressure acting directly on the nail to drive it. Indirect drive or low velocity devices. This uses gas pressure acting on a heavy piston which drives the nail. Indirect drive nail are safer because they cannot launch a free-flying projectile even if tampered with or misused, and the lower velocity of the nails is less likely to cause explosive shattering of the work substrate. Either type can, with the right cartridge loads, be very powerful, driving a nail or other fastener into hard concrete, stone, rolled steelwork, etc., with ease. Combustion powered nail gun Powered by a gas and air explosion in a small cylinder; the piston pushes the nail directly and there are no rotating parts. Electric nail gun In one type of electric nail gun, a rotating electric motor gradually compresses a powerful spring and suddenly releases it. Solenoid-powered nail gun Here a solenoid propels a metal piston, which has a long front rod which propels the nail. TYPES

17. A  hand plane  is a  tool  for shaping  wood  using  muscle power  to force the cutting blade over the wood surface. Some rotary  power planers  are motorized  power tools  used for the same types of larger task planer  or  planer  which are designed to shape, flatten, and finish larger boards or surfaces. Generally all planes are used to flatten, reduce the thickness of, and impart a smooth surface to a rough piece of  lumber  or timber. Planning is also used to produce horizontal, vertical, or inclined flat surfaces on workpieces usually too large for shaping, where the integrity of the whole requires the same smooth surface. Special types of planes are designed to cut  joints  or  decorative mouldings . Though most planes are pushed across a piece of wood, holding it with one or both hand A typical order of use in flattening, truing, and smoothing a rough sawn board might be: A  scrub plane , A  jack plane   A  jointer plane   A  smoothing plane A  polishing plane   HAND PLANE

18. A  reciprocating saw  is a type of machine-powered  saw  in which the cutting action is achieved through a push-and-pull ("reciprocating") motion of the blade. The term is commonly applied to a type of saw used in  construction  and demolition work. This type of saw, also known as a  hognose ,  recap saw , or  Sawzall  has a large blade resembling that of a  jigsaw  and a handle oriented to allow the saw to be used comfortably on vertical surfaces. The typical design of this saw has a foot at the base of the blade, similar to that of a jigsaw. The user holds or rests this foot on the surface being cut so that the tendency of the blade to push away from or pull towards the cut as the blade travels through its movement can be countered. RECIPROCATING SAW

19. Die grinders  and  rotary tools  are handheld used for  grinding ,  sanding ,  honing ,  polishing , or  machining  material (typically metal, but also plastic or wood). die grinders are still very useful for hundreds of cutting needs, from sculpture-like contouring in the absence of CNC, to cut-off of  bar stock , to any of the cutting and grinding needs of  fabrication , such as in the work of welders, boilermakers, millwrights, ironworkers (steel erectors), sheet metal workers (such as  auto body workers  and  HVAC  technicians) to  woodworking  (especially  cabinet making ),  hacking , and other hobby or business pursuits. Die grinders are often used for  engraving ,  cylinder head porting , and general shaping of a part Methods of cutting action The cutting may be done in various ways, including: Grinding with bonded abrasive stones (called by various names, such as mounted stones, mounted points, or grinding points) Machining with a burr or small drill bit or endmill Sanding with coated abrasive, such as small drums made of sandpaper mounted on an expanding rubber mandrel (also called an arbour) Honing with fine-grit mounted points Lapping with lapping compound and a mounted lap to embed it Polishing or buffing with cloth or fibre drums or flaps and polishing compound Die grinder

20. A  routers a hand tool or power tool that a worker uses to rout (hollow out) an area in relatively hard material like wood or plastic. Routers are mainly used in woodworking, especially cabinetry. Routers are typically handheld or fastened cutting end-up in a router table. The hand tool type of router is the original form. It is a specialized type of hand plane with a broad base and a narrow blade that projects well beyond its base plate The power tool form of router with an electric-motor-driven spindle is now the more common form.. For example, with an appropriate jig it can be used for recessing door hinges and recessing lock faceplates. Even rotary tools can be used as routers when the right bits and accessories (such as a plastic router base) are attached. ROUTERS

21. A  sander  is a power tool used to smooth surfaces by abrasion with sandpaper. Sanders have a means to attach the sandpaper and a mechanism to move it rapidly contained within a housing with means to hand-hold it or fix it to a workbench.  Woodworking sanders are usually powered electrically, and those used in auto-body repair work by compressed air. There are many different types of sanders for different purposes. Multi-purpose power tools and electric drills may have sander attachments. Woodworking sanders include: Flap sander or sanding flap wheel Belt sander  Disc sander Oscillating spindle sander Orbital sander Straight-line sander Detail Sander Stroke sander Table Top Drum sander Drum sander Wide-belt sander Profile Shaper/Sander SANDER

22. Flap sander or sanding flap wheel: A sanding attachment shaped like a Rolodex and used on a hand-held drill or mounted on a bench grinder for finishing curved surfaces. Belt sander (hand-held or stationary) Disc sander: A disc sander is most commonly implemented as a stationary machine that consists of a replaceable circular shaped sandpaper attached to a wheel turned by an electric motor or compressed air. The usually wooden work piece, (although other materials can be shaped and worked on such as plastics, metals and other soft materials), is sat on a front bench that can be adjusted to various angles. It can be used for rough or fine sanding depending on the sanding grit used. Oscillating spindle sander : A sander mounted on a spindle that both rotates and oscillates in and out or up and down along the axis of the spindle. Good for sanding curves and contours that would be difficult with hand or orbital sanding. Random orbital sander Orbital sander : A hand-held sander that vibrates in small circles, or "orbits." The sanding disk spinning while moving simultaneously in small ellipses causes the orbital action that it is known for. Mostly used for fine sanding or where little material needs to be removed. Straight-line sander : A sander that vibrates in a straight line, instead of in circles. Good for places where hand sanding is tedious or "blocking" is required. Most are air-powered, a few electric. The first pneumatic straight line sander was patented by Otto Hendrickson in 1969. Woodworking sanders include:

23. 8. Detail Sander : A hand-held sander that uses a small vibrating head with a triangular piece of sandpaper attached. Used for sanding corners and very tight spaces. Also known as "Mouse" or "corner" sanders. 9. Stroke sander : A large production sander that uses a hand-operated platen on a standard sanding belt to apply pressure. For large surfaces such as table tops, doors, and cabinets. 10. Table Top Drum sander : A bench top sander that uses a rotating drum. Much like a jointer, the operator adjust the height of the grit, by changing the grit of sandpaper, to adjust the depth of cut. Wood is hand fed against the drum to achieve a flat, smooth surface. Can be used for surface sanding, edge sanding, stripping paint, cabinet doors, etc. 11. Drum sander : A large sander that uses a rotating sanding drum. As with a planer, the operator adjusts feed rollers to feed the wood into the machine. The sander smooths it and sends it out the other side. Good for finishing large surfaces. 12. Wide-belt sander : A large sander similar in concept to a planer, but much larger. Uses a large sanding belt head instead of a planer's shaping head, and requires air from a separate source to tension the belt. For rough sanding large surfaces or finishing. Used mainly for manufacturing furniture and cabinets. 13. Profile Shaper/Sander : An industrial machine consisting of a powered transport with a series of workstations for performing shaping, sanding, or other finish operations on one or more edges of components in cabinetry, furniture, shelving, and other products. These machines create and finish decorative edges in an automated process using rotating 'shaping heads', 'sanding wheels', 'foil applicators' and other specialized equipment.

24. A  bench grinder  is a benchtop type of grinding machine used to drive abrasive wheels. A  pedestal grinder  is a similar or larger version of grinder that is mounted on a pedestal, which may be bolted to the floor or may sit on rubber feet. These types of grinders are commonly used to hand grind various cutting tools and perform other rough grinding. Depending on the bond and grade of the grinding wheel, it may be used for sharpening cutting tools such as tool bits, drill bits, chisels, and gouges. A wire brush wheel or buffing wheels can be interchanged with the grinding wheels in order to clean or polish workpieces. Stiff buffing wheels can also be used when deburring is the task at hand. Bench grinders are standard equipment in metal fabrication shops and machine shops, as are handheld grinders (such as angle grinders and die grinders). BENCH GRINDER

25. A  jointer  or in some configurations, a  jointer-planer  (also as a  planer  or  surface planer , and sometimes also as a  buzzer  or  flat top ) is a woodworking machine used to produce a flat surface along a board's length. As a jointer, the machine operates on the narrow edge of boards, preparing them for use as butt joints or gluing into panels. A planer-jointer setup has the width that enables smoothing  ('surface planning')  and levelling the faces (widths) of boards small enough to fit the tables. The jointer derives its name from its primary function of producing flat edges on boards prior to joining them edge-to-edge to produce wider boards. The use of this term probably arises from the name of a type of hand plane, the jointer plane, which is also used primarily for this purpose. JOINTER

26. A  lathe is a tool that rotates the workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about that axis. Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, thermal spraying, parts reclamation, and glass-working. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The workpiece is usually held in place by either one or two  centres , at least one of which can typically be moved horizontally to accommodate varying workpiece lengths. Other work-holding methods include clamping the work about the axis of rotation using a chuck or collet, or to a faceplate, using clamps or dogs. Examples of objects that can be produced on a lathe include candlestick holders, gun barrels, cue sticks, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, musical instruments (especially woodwind instruments), crankshafts, and camshafts. LATHE

27. A  mortise  or  mortice  is anspecialized woodworking  machine used to cut square or rectangular holes in a piece of lumber (timber), such as a mortise in a mortise and tenon joint. Square chisel mortise Horizontal mortise (slot mortise) Chain mortise Other methods of cutting mortises Traditionally, a mortise would be cut by hand, using a chisel and mallet. However, due to the precision of fit required for a mortise and tenon joint, this can be a difficult and time-consuming task MORTISE  OR  MORTICE

28. A  panel saw  is any type of sawing machine with a sliding table that cuts sheets into sized parts. A sliding panel saw was invented by Wilhelm Altdorf in 1906 in Germany. Its invention set a new standard in woodworking, with dramatic differences from traditional machines. Up to that time, a conventional table saw had no mechanism for edging. Meaning that for the first and second longitudinal cut on untreated massive wood, the lumber always had to be fed manually through the saw blade. The new system accomplished the task more elegantly by allowing the work piece to be fed through the saw blade while lying on a sliding table. Thus cutting becomes faster, accurate and effortless. . PANEL SAW  

29. A  wood shaper , usually just  shaper  in North America or  spindle moulder  .it is a stationary woodworking machine in which a vertically oriented spindle drives cutter heads to mill profiles on wood stock. The spindle may be raised and lowered relative to the shaper's table, and rotates between 3,000 and 10,000 rpm, with stock running along a vertical fence. Wood shaper cutter heads typically have three blades, and turn at 1/2 to 1/8th the speed of smaller, much less expensive two-bladed bits used on a hand-held wood router. Adapters are sold allowing a shaper to drive router bits, a compromise on several levels. As are router tables, cost-saving adaptations of hand-held routers mounted to comparatively light-duty dedicated work tables. Being both larger and much more powerful than routers, shapers can cut much larger profiles than routers – such as for crown moulding and raised-panel doors – and readily drive custom-made bits fabricated with unique profiles. Speed adjustments are typically made by relocating the belts on a stepped pulley system, much like that on a drill press. Unlike routers, shapers are also able to run in reverse, which is necessary in performing some cuts. The most common form of wood shaper has a vertical spindle; some have horizontal; others yet have spindles or tables that tilt. Some European models variously combine sliding table saws, jointers, planers, and mortises. wood shaper

30. Safety The primary safety feature on a wood shaper is a guard mounted above the cutter protecting hands and garments from being drawn into its blades. Jigs, fixtures such as hold-downs, and accessories that include feather boards, also help prevent injury and generally result in better cuts. The starter, or fulcrum, pin is a metal rod which threads into the table a few inches away from the cutter allowing stock to be fed into it in a freehand cut. In addition to aiding productivity and setting a consistent rate of milling, a power feeder keeps appendages and garments out of harm's way. They may be multi-speed, and employ rubber wheels to feed stock past the cutter head .

31. A  table saw  or  saw bench  is a woodworking tool, consisting of a circular saw blade, mounted on an arbour, that is driven by an electric motor(either directly, by belt, or by gears). The blade protrudes through the surface of a table, which provides support for the material, usually wood, being cut. In a modern table saw, the depth of the cut is varied by moving the blade up and down: the higher the blade protrudes above the table, the deeper the cut that is made in the material. In some early table saws, the blade and arbour were fixed, and the table was moved up and down to expose more or less of the blade. The angle of cut is controlled by adjusting the angle of blade. Some earlier saws angled the table to control the cut angle. TABLE SAW  OR  SAW BENCH

32. A  thickness planer  (also known in the UK and Australia as a  thicknesser  or in North America as a  planer ) is a woodworking machine to trim boards to a consistent thickness throughout their length and flat on both surfaces. n operation, the table is set to the desired height and then the machine is switched on. The board is fed into the machine until it makes contact with the in-feed roller which grips the board and draws it into the machine and past the rotating cutter head. The knives remove material on the way through and the out-feed roller pulls the board through and ejects it from the machine at the end of the pass. To finish a board that is flat and of uniform thickness along its length, it is necessary to start with a board that has at least one perfectly flat reference face. The board is fed with this reference face flat on the table and the cutter head removes an amount of material from the opposite face so that it is made parallel to the reference face. The reference face is often created by first passing the board over a jointer. If the lower face is not flat, the feed roller pressure pressing the board against the table will deform the board, which will then spring back as it leaves the machine, resulting in a non-flat upper surface. One problem often encountered when using a thickness planer is snipe. This manifests as a deeper cut on a short section of the board at either end and is caused by incorrect feeding or misalignment of the in-feed or out-feed tables, or an unnecessarily high setting of the rollers recessed in the surface of the in-feed table. It can be accommodated by keeping the board overlong to allow later trimming. THICKNESS PLANER

33. SURVEY PICTURE

34. Thank you