Topic-Acquired-immunity. .pptx

overview of Acquired Immunity

1. Topic -Acquired immunity

2. Defining Acquired Immunity Specificity Targets distinct antigens with precision. Diversity Recognizes a wide array of antigens. Memory Mounts a stronger response upon re-exposure. Self/Non-self Distinguishes between body cells and invaders. Acquired immunity is a specific, inducible defense mechanism. It adapts to protect you from future infections.

3. Components of Acquired Immunity 1 Lymphocytes T cells (helper, cytotoxic) and B cells (plasma, memory). 2 APCs Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells present antigens. 3 Antibodies IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD neutralize pathogens. These components work together within lymphoid organs. They develop immunity to specific threats.

4. Types of Acquired Immunity Immunity Definition Examples Active Natural Develops after exposure to an antigen Recovering from measles Active Artificial Develops through vaccination. Measles vaccine Passive Natural Transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus Antibodies via placenta Passive Artificial Injection of antibodies Rabies immunoglobulin Active immunity makes your body produce its own antibodies. Passive immunity is acquired from another source.

5. Mechanisms: Antigen Recognition and Presentation TCRs & BCRs T cell receptors and B cell receptors bind to specific antigens. MHC I & II MHC molecules present antigens to T cells. APCs Antigen-presenting cells process and present antigens. Antigen presentation is a multistep process. It activates the adaptive immune system.

6. Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity B Cells Differentiate into plasma cells. 1 Antibodies Neutralize pathogens. 2 Cytotoxic T Cells Kill infected cells. 3 Helper T Cells Activate other immune cells. 4 Humoral immunity involves antibodies. Cell-mediated immunity involves cytotoxic T cells.

7. Immunological Memory Primary Response Slow, weak initial response. Secondary Response Rapid, strong, long-lasting response. Memory Cells Long-lived T and B cells. Vaccination Induces immunological memory. Vaccines work by creating memory cells. These cells remember antigens from previous exposures.

8. Applications and Conclusion Vaccines Prevent infectious diseases. Immunotherapy Treat cancer. Antibody Therapy Treat infections. Acquired immunity is vital for health. Research continues to improve personalized vaccines. By understanding this system, we can fight diseases.