Touch Screen Technology

Presentation on Touch Screen Technology.

1. 1 TOUCH SCREEN TECHNOLOGY

2. 2 Introduction History Technologies Comparison of touch screens Advantages & Disadvantages Applications Future Touch screen Technology Conclusion OVERVIEW

3. 3 INTRODUCTION A touchscreen is a display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touch or contact to the display of the device by a finger or hand & allowing a user to interact with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen. Touchscreen can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus.

4. 4 It enables one to interact with what is displayed directly on the screen, where it is displayed, rather than indirectly with a mouse or touchpad. It lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device, again, such as a stylus that needs to be held in the hand. Such displays can be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks. The touch screen has two main attributes:

5. History Touchscreens emerged from academic and corporate research labs in the second half of the 1960s. Invented by E.A. Johnson (Royal Radar Est.) around 1965 for air traffic control One of the first places where they gained some visibility was in the terminal of a computer-assisted learning terminal that came out in 1972 as part of the PLATO project. The HP-150 from1983 was probably the world's earliest commercial touch screen computer. It doesn't actually have a touch screen in the strict sense, but a 9" Sony CRT surrounded by infrared transmitters and receivers which detect the position of any non-transparent object on the screen. 1993 Apple’s Newton and IBM’s Simon & 2002 Microsoft’s Windows XP Tablet &2007 Apple’s iPhone (Multi-touch) 5

6. Development The development of multipoint touchscreen facilitated the tracking of more than one finger on the screen, thus operations that require more than one finger are possible. These devices also allow multiple users to interact with the touchscreen simultaneously. With the influence of the multi-touch-enabled iPhone and the Nintendo DS, the touchscreen market for mobile devices produced 5 billion in 2009. 6

7. 7 Touch screen technology Main touch screen components: Touch sensor Controller Software dri ver

8. 8 A touch sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface . The sensor generally has an electrical signal going through it and touching the screen causing a signal change. The signal change is used to determine the location of the touch to the scree n. TOUCHSENSOR

9. 9 CONTROLLER The controller is small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and PC. It takes information from the touch sensor and translate in to information that PC can understand.

10. 10 SOFTWARE DRIVER The driver is a software that allows the touch screen and computer to work together. It tells the operating system how to interpret the touch event information that sent from the controller. Most of the touch screen drivers today are mouse emulation type driver .

11. 11 Construction There are several principal ways to build a touchscreen: - In the most popular techniques, the capacitive or resistive approach, manufactures coat the screen with a thin, transparent metallic layer. When a user touches the surface, the system records the change in the electrical current that flows through the display. Dispersive-signal technology which 3M created in 2002, measures the piezoelectric effect — the voltage generated when mechanical force is applied to a material — that occurs chemically when a strengthened glass substrate is touched.

12. 12 TYPES OF TOUCHSCREEN Resistive Touch screen Surface wave Touch screen Capacitive Touch screen * Surface capacitive * Projected capacitive Near Field Imaging Touch screen Infrared Touch screen

13. 13 Resistive Touch Screens The resistive touch screen uses a glass panel with a uniform conductive ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) coating on the side surface. Two layers of conductive material. Touch creates contact between resistive layers completing circuit. Voltage in circuit changes based on position. Controller determines location based on voltages. Any material can trigger sensors. Technologies

14. 14 When the screen is touched, it pushes the conductive ITO coating on the PET film. That results the electrical contact, producing the voltages. It presents the position touched. Resistive touch screen deliver cost-effective, consistent and durable performance. Working Principle :

15. 15 Surface Acoustic Wave: Electrical signals sent to the transmitting transducers converts to ultrasonic waves Waves are directed across screen by reflectors then directed to receiving transducers The SAW controller sends a 5 MHz electrical signal to the X-axis and Y-axis transmitting transducers. When the touch screen is touched, the finger absorbs a portion of the wave passing across the surface of the panel. SAW can be used in any and all applications for the best possible image clarity an unlimited life.

16. 16 Capacitive : Capacitive touch screen is a four multi-layer glass. Small amount of voltage is applied to the electrodes on the four corners. A human body is an electric conductor, when touched the screen with a finger, a slight amount of current is drawn, creating a voltage drop. The current respectively drifts to the electrodes on the four corners. The capacitive system has very long life (about 225 million clicks).

17. 17 Infrared: Conventional optical-touch systems use an array of infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on two adjacent bezel edges of a display, with photo sensors placed on the two opposite bezel edges to analyze the system and determine a touch event. IR eliminates the use of glass or plastic overlay that most other touch technologies require in front of the display. High cost of the technology. IR increases the noise floor at the optical sensor.

18. 18 : Comparison of Technologies : Technology Resistive SAW Infrared Capacitive Durability: 5 years 5 years 3 years 2 years Stability: High Higher High Ok Transparency: Very good >92% Very good >92% Very good >92% 75%~85% Touch: Anything Finger/ pen Sharp Conductive Response time: <10ms 10ms <20ms <15ms Example

19. 19 Advantages & Disadvantages: Advantages : User friendly. Fast response. Error free input. Easy to install. Use finger, fingernail, gloved hand, stylus or any soft-tip pointer to operate. Easy to clean and maintain. Compatible with Windows, Macintosh and Linux. Does not interfere mouse and keyboard function. Make computing easy, powerful and fun.

20. 20 Disadvantages : 1)Finger stress: Stress on human fingers when used for more than a few minutes at a time. (for example, ATMs). 2)Fingerprints: touchscreens can suffer from the problem of fingerprints on the display. 3)User has to sit closer to the screen as compared to external keyboard. 4) The screen may be covered more by using hand.

21. 21 Applications Museums. Corporate information.   Library resource guides. Shopping mall directory. Public Information Displays.   Public transportation schedule / status. Automated travel and entertainment ticket dispensers. Airport terminal passenger internet and email systems.

22. 22 As we all knows today’s smartest phone is i-phone which is working on touchscreen which is next generation phone. Also Microsoft surface is best example for it today we all are familiar with it. Which is going to be next generation computing technique. Future Touchscreen Technology

23. 23 Conclusion Designers are trying to use touchscreen to simplify input commands for largely unsophisticated computer users. Today, a larger share of population is PC literate, yet the touchscreen has become adopted by computer users of all abilities because it is simple, fast, and innovative. In future there is no usage of mouse and keyboards as they will be replaced by touchscreens.

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