Trachea.pptx , Anatomy and physiology, Ross and Wilson

Trachea, description, anatomy physiology, structure

1. Trachea Windpipe

2. Prented by: Sonawane Nisha kishor 1 st year(1 st semester) Bsc Nursing Shree Swaminarayan Nursing College Kevadiya colony( Ekta nagar )

3. Trachea POSITION STRUCT-URE Functio -ns

4. Position of Trachea: The trachea , or windpipe ,is a continuation of the larynx and extend downwards to about the level of 5 th thoracic vertebra , where it divides at the carina into the right and left primary bronchi.

5. Conti.... The trachea is approximately 10-11 Cm long and lies in front of the oesophagus .

6. Structure of trachea: The trachea is held open by between 16 and 20 incomplete ( C-shaped ) rings of hyaline cartilage stalcked one above the other. The rings are incomplete posteriorly .

7. Conti.... The trachea wall is made up of three layers : The outer layer contains fibrous and elastic tissue .It is protective and supportive . The middle layer continues the C-shaped cartilage and bands of the smooth muscle that wind round the trachea.

8. Conti.... The inner mucosal lining is ciliated columnar epithelium , containing mucus-secreting goblet cells . The submucosa , a thin layer of supporting tissue below the mucosa, also contains large number of glands producing respiratory secretions.

9. Structures associated with the trachea: Superiorly : the larynx Inferiorly : the right and left primary bronchi Anteriorly : upper part, the isthumus of the thyroid gland, lower part,the arch of aorta and the sternum

10. Conti.... Posteriorly : The oesophagus separating trachea from the vertebral column Laterally : the lungs and lobes of the thyroid gland

11. Functions of trachea: Support and patency Mucocillary eacalator Cough reflex Warming , humidifying and filtering

12. Conti.... Support and patency : Tracheal cartilages hold the trachea permanently open ( patent ), but the soft tissue bands between the cartilage allow flexibility so that the head and neck can move freely without obstructing the trachea

13. Conti...... The absence of cartilage posteriorly permit the oesopagus to expand comfortably during swallowing. Contraction and relaxation of the trachealis muscle , which links the free ends of C-shaped cartilage, helps to regulate the diameter of the trachea.

14. Conti...... Mucociliary escalator: This is the synchronized and regular beating of the cilia of the mucous membrane lining that wafts mucus with adherent particles upwards towards the larynx, where it is either swallowed or coughed up.

15. Cilia

16. Conti.... Cough reflex Nerve endings in the larynx, trachea and bronchi are highly sensitive to irritation, which generates nerve impulses conducted by the vegus nerves to the respiratory centre in the brain stem .

17. Conti..... The reflex motor response is deep inspiration followed by closure of the glottis,i.e.closure of the vocal cord. The abdominal and respiratory muscles contract, causing a suddenly, forceably expelling air through the mouth and taking mucus and/or foreign material with it.

18. Conti..... Warming, humidifying and filtering : These continue as in the nose, although air is normally saturated and at body temperature when it reaches the trachea.

19. Conti.... Blood supply Venous drainage Nerve supply Inferior thyroid artery Inferior thyroid veins Laryngeal nerve Bronchial artery