Tracheophyta

A short presentation in Botany about Tracheophyta, its morphology, life cycle, reproduction, habitat, importance, subspecies, and characteristics.

1. TRACHEOPHYTA Report By: Veronica Baje

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this discussion, you should be able to: Define Tracheophyta . Describe its characteristics. Differentiate Tracheophytes from Bryophytes. Know the different classes and its subdivisions. Familiarize the structure, life cycle, and economic importance of its first sub-phylum.

3. Tracheophyta 260,000 known species Earliest fossils are from Silurian rocks Their ancestors were established over 400 million years ago. The vascular system developed during the early stages of the plant evolution.

4. Characteristics : Has xylem and phloem Vascular Plants Fully terrestrial than Bryophytes Habitat is predominantly terrestrial or epiphytic

5. Vascular System

6. What’s the difference? BRYOPHYTES No vascular system. Each cell has to meet its nutritional need on its own Grows horizontally. Mosses, liverworts and hornworts are examples of bryophytes. TRACHEOPHYTES Has well developed vascular system. Has vertical growth. All grasses, ferns, shrubs, cacti, bushes and trees are examples of tracheophytes.

7. Three Classes of Tracheophyta

8. Ferns Non-flowering vascular plants Has roots, stems, and complex leaves Reproduce by spores

9. Gymnosperms Vascular Plants Reproduce by exposed seed or ovule Most seeds are borne in cones

10. Angiosperm Flowering plants Represent 80% of all known green plants Vascular seed plants

11. SUB-DIVISIONS OF TRACHEOPHYTA

12. PSILOTOPHYTA LYCOPHYTA EQUISETOPHYTA POLYPODIOPHYTA Whisk Ferns Club Mosses & Quillworts Club Mosses & Quillworts Horsetails & Scouring Rushes Ferns

13. Psilotophyta Commonly known as Psilopsida Whisk fern or Psilotum Resembles small, green, whisk brooms Sometimes classified as true ferns Among the simplest of all living seedless vascular plants

14. Structure and Form Consists of dichotomously forking aerial systems Unique among living vascular plants Usually grow from 30 centimeters to 1 meter or more Enations are spirally arranged along the stems

15. Plant Morphology Sporangium – a receptacle in which asexual spores are formed. Spores - a haploid reproductive cell that gives rise to a gametophyte. Enations - an outgrowth from the surface of a leaf or other part of a plant. Rhizoids - a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus in some lower plants, especially mosses and liverworts, serving both to anchor the plant and to conduct water.

16. Life Cycle and Reproduction

17. Reproduction Psilotum plant body is a sporophyte Synangium is the spore bearing structure In synangium , diploid spore mother cells undergo meiosis forming haploid spores Spores germinate forming gametophyte or prothallus Antheridium produce sperms. Sperms are milti -flagellate. Archegonium produce egg. Fertilization is oogamous Zygote divides to form Embryonic sporophyte later form mature plant body.

18. Habitat They are often found in the tropics, but can grow in temperate forests and are even known from some arid habitats.

19. Economic Importance

20. Ornamental Value Many ferns are grown as ornamental plants in gardens for their large and graceful foliage

21. Food The sporocarps of  Marsilea  are rich source of starch and used by tribals for their nutritive value.

22. Medicine An anthelmintic drug is obtained from the rhizomes and petioles of the fern  Dryopteris . Lycopodium clavatum  is used in skin diseases. Equisetum arvense  has diuretic properties.