Traditional and Modern Routes of Drug Administration

The presentation explains Bhaishajya Prayog Marg, the routes of drug administration in Ayurveda and modern pharmacology. Routes include oral, nasal, ocular, auricular, dermal, rectal, vaginal, urinary, and inhalation methods. Selection depends on patient’s condition, age, strength, and dosha predominance.

Ayurveda emphasizes localized and systemic effects through natural routes, while modern pharmacology categorizes them into enteral, parenteral, topical, and trans-mucosal. Advantages, disadvantages, and therapeutic effects of each route are discussed.

1. BHAISHJAY PRAYOG MARG (ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION) Presented by Dr. Pallavi Dewangan PG Scholar Dept. of dravyaguna MGAC & RC

2. Introduction Objective Definition Channels of Administration Classification Modern Aspect Content

3. Administration of drug is undertaken after careful examination of the patient . The route of administration of a drug is selected after careful consideration of certain criteria like age, constitution , bala of the patient and also the clinical condition and the prevalent and predominance of dosha . INTRODUCTION

4. Objective To know the routes of drug administration. To know the therapeutic effects of different mode of drug administration

5. Path by which a drug/fluid/poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Definition

6. Dosage forms are the means by which drug molecules are delivered to sites of action within the body. The need for dosage form- 1. Accurate dose 2. Protection 3. Protection from gastric juice 4. Optimal drug action 5. Insertion of drug into body cavities 6. Masking taste and odour Drug Dosage form

7. आस्यादामाशयस्थान् हि रोगान् नस्तःशिरोगतान्| गुदात् पक्वाशयस्थांश्च हन्त्याशु दत्तमौषधम्|| शरीरावयवोत्थेषु विसर्पपिडकादिषु| यथादेशं प्रदेहादि शमनं स्याद्विशेषतः| (Ch. Chi.30/295) Acc: to Dosha Adhishtana , action of drug in body occurs through various srotas Srotas are मुख नासा नेत्र कर्ण गुदमार्ग मूत्रमार्ग योनिमार्ग त्वचा CHANNELS OF ADMINISTRATION

8. Mukha This is the most commonly used route for administration of drug. This route is selected for Local action- Gandoosha (e.g. Darvyadi gandoosha ) , Pratisaran (e.g. Kusthadi pratisaran ) etc. Action of GIT - Deepan , Pachan , Vaman etc. Action on respiratory system- Dhumapana (e.g. kalimirch , neem , vacha , kantkari )etc. General action – drug given by this route are absorbed , digested, assimilated and circulated all over the body to exert desired action.

9. Nasa This route is selected for the following therapeutic purpose: Local action – nasya ( tikshana dravya e.g. trikatu & katphaladi churna )etc. Action on respiratory system – dhumapana etc. Action on head and systemic disorders – shiro virechan .

10. Netra सेकं आश्च्योतनं पिण्डी बिडालस्तर्पणं तथा पुटपाकोऽञ्जनं चैभिः कल्पैर्नेत्रमुपाचरेत् || ( Sha . U. 13/9) This is exclusively use for the management of eye diseases. Seka , Ashotana , Pindika , Bidalaka , Tarpana , Varti , Anjana are usually employed through this route.

11. Karna This route is also an exclusive one meant for the treatment of disease of ear. Karnadhavana , karnadhupana and karnapuran are the procedure adopted through this route. Karnapuran yog - Dipika tel , , Apamarg tel , Amaradi tel Karnakeethar yog - Sarson tel alone put in ear is enough to kill karana krimi .

12. Twak This route is selected for the treatment of mostly localized condition and in some cases for systemic disorders as well. External application like abhyang , lepa , parisheka , udwartan etc resorted through this route.

13. Guda Marg This is the most important route of administration after the route in ayurvedic therapeutics. As basti karma , the effective therapeutic procedure in ayurveda is employed through this route. According to Acharay Sharangdhar Sarvdaihik – Anuvasan basti , Asthapan basti . Sthanik - Purishanuloman , Phalvarti .

14. Yonimarga This route is selected for the treatment of uterine disorder and infertility especially in females. Uttarbasti and yonidhupana , Phalvarti , tailpichu , yonipurana , yonidhavan etc . Are used through this route.

15. This route is selected for the management of urogenital tract diseases especially in males and also for the management of infertility in males. Mutramarg

16. Route of Administration 1. Oral 2. Topical 3. Rectal 4. Parenteral 5. Vaginal 6. Inhaled 7. Ophthalmic 8. Optic Physical Form 1. Solid 2. Semisolid 3. Liquid 4. Gaseous CLASSIFICATION

17. According to modern pharmacology different routes of administration have been described to meet various needs and necessities in different clinical condition. Local - This route is mean for localized action and effect. Dusting powders, lotions, drops, pastes, ointments and cream are used in this route. Modern aspect

18. Enteral (Oral): This is the widely adopted route of drug administration used for the systemic management of disease. Tablets, capsules, pills, tonic, syrup, powders and mixtures are usually administered through this route. Advantages: a. Safe b. Convenient c. Economical d. Less-Complications

19. 1. Slow onset 2. Unpalatibilty of certain drugs 3. Not useful in cases of vomiting 4. Not useful for unconsious and non-cooperative patients 5. Destroyed by digestive juice 6. Uncertain absorption 7. Not useful in emergency. Disadvantages:

20. Parenterals : . Par- beyond: enternal - intestine Injection and inhalation Advantages : a. Rapid action b. Accuracy c. No drug destruction through digestive juice d. Effective in cases of vomiting e. Effective in unconscious and non-cooperative patients also f. No-gastric irritation

21. Disadvantages Less safe More expensive Self administration is difficult Danger of infection Injury to blood vessels and nerves

22. A] Inhalations : Administration as dry powders, nebulized particles and vapours. E.g. Anaesthetic gases, Salbutamol Advantages : Quick absorption Rapid effect both systematically and locally Disadvantages : Increased respiratory secretions Cardiac toxicity, local irritations

23. B ] Injections Intra-dermal - Into the layers of skin Intra-Muscular- Into the muscles Intra-Venous- Into the veins Intra-Arterial- Into the arteries Intra- Thecal - Into the thecal covering of spine Intra- Peritonial -Into the peritonium Intra- Medullary - Into the bone marrow Intra- Articular - Into the joints Intra-Cardiac - Into the heart

24. A. Sub-lingual - Rapid Action, Quick degradation and Dissolution B. Trans-nasal C. Trans-rectal - 1. Suppositories 2. Enema D. Trans-vaginal-1. Pessaries 2. IUCD(intrauterine contraceptive device) TRANS-MUCOSAL

25. Conclusion Aushada Sevana Margas are the routes by which different drug preparations are administered to the body according to patients saaririka & manasika bala & roga . Many researches have been carried out in this field since ancient times. A well qualified physician is to be aware of all these routes of drug administration. Considerations of anatomy, physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology, therapeutics and convenience determine the route of drug Administration .

26. Acharya Vidhyadhar shulka , Charak samhita of agnivesha , sutra sthan , chapter no. 12, verse no 12 reprinted 2013; chaukhambha publication; delhi . P. 188-194. Murthy shrikanth K.R, sharangadhar samhira of sharangadhar , uttar khand , chapter 13 verse no 1, translated by Murthy srikantha K.R, edition 2016; Chaukhambha orientalia , varanasi . P 258. Sharma p.v , dravyaguna vijnan , reprint 2003, chaukhambha bharati academy, varanasi ; P 91. Hiremath shobha , bhaishajya kalpana vijnanam , chapter no. 6, 3 rd edition: nandi process; bangalore ; 2006; 92. Refrence

27. Thank you