TRAGEDY.pptx

TRAGEDY

1. TRAGIC DRAMA TAMSA PANDYA RESERCH SCHOLAR MKBU

2.  A serious play or drama typically dealing with the problems of a central character, leading to an  unhappy  or disastrous ending brought on, as in ancient drama, by  fate  and a  tragic   flaw  in this character, or, in  modern  drama, usually by  moral   weakness , psychological  maladjustment , or social  pressures Definition

3. A dramatic composition, often in  verse , dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person  destined  through a flaw of character or  conflict with some  overpowering  force , as fate or  society , to  downfall  or  destruction T he art and theory of writing and producing tragedies ‘Any literary composition, as a novel, dealing with a somber theme carried to a tragic  conclusion’ The tragic is an element of drama , of literature  generally or of life GENERAL MEANING

4. Did you know? The word "tragedy" comes from the Greek "tragōidiā," meaning "goat song” D erived from the poetic and religious traditions of  Ancient Greece . R oots  : T he Dithyrambs , The chants and dances honoring the  Greek god Dionysus , later known to the Romans as Bacchus . 

5. Stories already well known to the audience: Not expected to invent new characters or plots but the use of old stories of gods and kings and heroes. A strong religious element: The great drama of festivals in Athens wear held in honor of the wine God even when people no longer believed in the old god's as actually persons day felt that the World wars controlled by a moral low and the man who broke that loop would be punished by divine justice and fat this feeling or believe lies behind all the great classical tragedies A dislike of horror and violence on the stage: The subject of tragedy where often shocking and terrible but the evil deeds were done of the stage the audience learn of them from the chorus of our home messengers. Few actors : Earliest play had only two actors and chorus. In the great days of tragedy however they will four five or even 6 chief actors no please head anything like the numbers of actors found for example in Shakespeare's play Hamlet Macbeth King Lear CHIEF POINTS BY R.J.REES

6. Characters above the level of ordinary man : All the chief features in a tragedy were King queens, princes ,princesses all heroes . the idea of domestic tragedy in which the people on the stage are just like overseas would have been quite strange to Greek tragedy and the Greeks may have invented democracy but it does not appear their treasure is No mixture of tragedy and comedy : Greek tragedy head unity of action that that is to say it had one story and only one it would have been unthinkable for mixture. The Geeks like the phone as much any other people have ever and many of them no doubt filter little tied after watching a tragic trilogy that is to say set of three tragedies for several hours will comes usual their photo and the performance which a play quite separate from tragic trilogy and often crudely comic CONTINUE….

7. In his  Poetics , the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined tragedy as a morally ambiguous  genre  in which a noble hero goes from good fortune to bad. For Aristotle, the  tragic hero   can’t be totally evil or purely good, but instead, must be a “character  between these two extremes … “ H amartia ,” that is, by a fatal flaw…. “C atharsis ” purifying sort of emotional release….  “Tragic action” nearly always focuses on one central character, like Hamlet, King Lear, or Othello, but Shakespeare’s tragedies also focus on how broader political consequences follow as a result of a “great man’s” death (the fall of Denmark in  Hamlet , for instance, or the Ottoman/European political conflict at the heart of  Othello ). Aristotle’s view on tragedy

8. “ H amartia ,” Hamartia is a literary term that refers to a tragic flaw or error that leads to a character's downfall. In the novel Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein's arrogant conviction that he can usurp the roles of God and nature in creating life directly leads to ruinous consequences for him, making it an example of hamartia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7pioagkX5k

9. “C atharsis ” “T he process of expressing strong feeling, for example through plays or other artistic activities, as a way of getting rid of anger, reducing suffering ” नाटक आदि कलाओं से अभिव्‍यक्ति द्वारा प्रबल भावनाओं का शमन; विरेचन, भावशांति .( Silas in Da Vinci Code) P urification or purgation of the emotions (such as pity and fear) primarily through art. Purification or purgation that brings about spiritual renewal or release from tension. E limination of a complex by bringing it to consciousness and affording it expression.

10. Examples of Tragic Drama Oedipus Rex Othello Macbeth

11. Oedipus, in Greek mythology, the king of Thebes who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. Homer related that Oedipus's wife and mother hanged herself when the truth of their relationship became known, though Oedipus apparently continued to rule at Thebes until his death Oedipus Rex

12. Three witches tell the Scottish general Macbeth that he will be King of Scotland. Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth kills the king, becomes the new king, and kills more people out of paranoia. Civil war erupts to overthrow Macbeth, resulting in more death. Macbeth

13. Iago is furious about being overlooked for promotion and plots to take revenge against his General; Othello, the Moor of Venice. Iago manipulates Othello into believing his wife Desdemona is unfaithful, stirring Othello's jealousy. Othello allows jealousy to consume him, murders Desdemona, and then kills himself. Othello

14. THE MURDER SCENE

15. OTHER RENOWNED TRAGEDIES HEMLET DR. FAUSTUS KING LEAR JULIUS CAESAR

16. Tragedy is Emotional- T ragedies are based on profound emotions that, in their universal appeal , transcend time and place Characteristics of Tragedy Tragedy Deals with Suffering – T hrough s uffering the tragic protagonist usually acquires a sense of awareness . During the time of the struggle, the protagonist often becomes alienated and isolated from society.

17. Tragedy Supports Inevitability- W ha t is going to happen will happen; there is no way to forestall destiny CONTINUE…… With Tragedy comes Pathos- T ragedy has the power to arouse feelings of pity and compassion in an audience

18. Characteristics of Tragic Protagonists 1. The character should be born into some form of nobility or wisdom (remember that in ancient times, nobility was the royal family ; in a modern context, nobility could mean being social accepted or of a high reputation in the community.) 2. The character has a personality trait that leads to his/her downfall The character is doomed to make an error in judgment . (hamartia/hubris) 3. The character should be neither good nor bad , but the audience should be able to identify with the character.  

19. CONTINUE….. 4. The character is responsible for his/her fate. 5. The character will fall from great heights or esteem when s/he realizes s/he has made an irreversible mistake. 6. The character will face a tragic death with honor.

20. There are four distinct kinds of tragedy, and the poet should aim at bringing out all the important parts of the kind he chooses First, there is the complex tragedy, made up of  peripeteia  and  anagnorisis S econd, the tragedy of suffering T hird, the tragedy of character; and F ourth , the tragedy of spectacle.  Types of Tragedies

21. " A man cannot become a hero until he sees the root of his downfall." ~ Aristotle