Training on climate change for school.pptx

Climate change

1. By : Weldemariam Seifu (PhD) Senior Consultant: Natural Resource Management, Agronomy and Horticulture Addis Ababa, Ethiopia February 14 - 15, 2025 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: S chools’ Role

2. Training Content Introduction to climate Change Definition and Basics of climate change Causes and consequence of climate change Climate change mitigation and adaptation Climate change education in Ethiopia Schools’ role in climate change action

3. Main objectives of the training This training is designed to accomplish the following objectives: Augmenting awareness about climate change Recapping the main causes and consequences of climate change Exploring how schools can be part of climate change adaption/mitigation What will be t he Role of Schools in Climate Action ? How to integrate e Climate Change into Curriculum ? Exercise practical approaches of climate change coping strategies

4. Define the following terminologies: what is climate what is weather what is climate variability what is climate change Introduction: Understanding Climate Change

5. What is Weather? Definition: Weather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific place at a specific time, including temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, wind, and humidity. Key Points: It can change rapidly, sometimes within minutes or hours. It is what we experience daily (e.g., sunny, rainy, or stormy days). Example: rainy afternoon or a sunny day

6. What is Climate? Definition: Climate refers to the long-term average of weather conditions (such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, and seasons) in a specific region over a period of time, typically 30 years or more . Key Points: It describes the general patterns and trends in weather over decades. It is influenced by factors like latitude, altitude, ocean currents, and geography. Example: The climate of the Semera is hot and dry, while the climate of the Jimma is mild and humid.

7. What is Climate Variability? Definition: Climate variability refers to natural variations in climate over shorter time periods (months to decades) due to natural processes , such as El Niño, La Niña, volcanic eruptions, or solar cycles. Key Points: It occurs within the context of a stable climate system. It does not imply long-term changes in climate patterns. Example: El Niño events cause temporary warming of the Pacific Ocean, leading to unusual weather patterns like heavy rainfall in some regions and droughts in others.

8. What is Climate Change? Definition: Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation and long-term changes in the Earth's climate system , particularly a sustained shift in average weather patterns over decades or longer. Key Points: May be due to natural internal processes or external forcing, or due to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use . It is primarily driven by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, which increase greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. It leads to global warming, rising sea levels, melting ice caps, and more frequent extreme weather events. Example: The global average temperature has increased by about 1.1°C since the pre-industrial era, leading to more intense heatwaves, storms, and shifts in ecosystems.

9. Terms Definition Time Scale Key Characteristics Weather Short-term atmospheric conditions (e.g., temperature, rain, wind). Minutes to days Changes frequently; what you experience daily (e.g., a sunny day or a thunderstorm). Climate Long-term average of weather patterns in a region over decades. 30+ years Describes general trends (e.g., a region’s dry season or monsoon season). Climate Variability Natural fluctuations in climate over shorter periods (e.g., El Niño, La Niña). Months to decades Temporary changes within a stable climate system (e.g., unusual rainfall patterns). Climate Change Long-term shifts in climate due to human activities or natural factors. Decades to centuries Sustained changes (e.g., global warming, rising sea levels, more extreme weather). Summary of Differences …

10. Summary of Differences …

11. Understand Environmental Changes: Study how climate influences ecosystems, weather patterns, and natural resources. Support Agriculture: Improve crop planning and resilience to climate variability and change. Conserve Biodiversity: Protect species and habitats threatened by shifting climates. Protect Human Health: Understand how climate affects diseases, food security, and water availability. Predict Future Trends: Use climate data to forecast changes in temperature, rainfall, and extreme weather events. why studying climate is important :

12. Promote Renewable Energy: Optimize the use of solar, wind, and other renewable resources based on climate data. Reduce Disaster Risks: Prepare for and mitigate impacts of floods, droughts, and storms. Address Global Warming: Identify causes and impacts of climate change to develop mitigation strategies. Guide Policy and Decision-Making: Provide scientific evidence for climate action and sustainable development. Foster Global Cooperation: Address climate challenges through international collaboration and agreements. why studying climate is important : …

13. Climate vs Weather: Videos\Weather vs. Climate.mp4 Nature is speaking: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmVLcj-XKnM Videos\Nature Is Speaking – Julia Roberts is Mother Nature _ Conservation International (CI).mp4 what do you learn from these videos?

14. Discuss in Group (3 min) List the indicator Present your discussion What are the Primary Indicators of Climate Change?

15. What are the Primary Indicators of Climate Change? 7 3

16. What are the basics of climate change? Understanding the basics of climate change is crucial for informed decision-making, policy development, and individual actions aimed at mitigating its impacts and building resilience to its effects. Here are the basics of climate change: Greenhouse effects Global warming Climate change impacts Causes of climate change Climate change mitigation and adaptation International cooperation

17. 2. Causes and consequence of climate change Cause of climate Change Climate change is driven by a combination of natural processes and human activities. The primary drivers of recent climate change are human activities, particularly: the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.

18. Key Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Released from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. Methane (CH₄): Emitted from agriculture (livestock, rice paddies), landfills, and fossil fuel extraction. Nitrous Oxide (N₂O): Released from fertilizers, industrial processes, and burning fossil fuels. Fluorinated Gases: Synthetic gases used in refrigeration and industrial applications. Other Greenhouse Gases

19. Do you know the planetary boundaries concept? The planetary boundaries concept presents a set of nine planetary boundaries within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive for generations to come. The nine planetary boundaries identified are: Climate change Change in biosphere integrity (biodiversity loss and species extinction) Stratospheric ozone depletion Ocean acidification Biogeochemical flows (phosphorus and nitrogen cycles) Land-system change (for example deforestation) Freshwater use Atmospheric aerosol loading (microscopic particles in the atmosphere that affect climate and living organisms) Introduction of novel entities Source: Stockholm Resilience Center The evolution of the planetary boundaries framework

20. Causes for rising GHGs emissions Burning of fossil fuels Deforestation Agriculture Industrial process Transportation (Vehicles) Fluorinated gases Land use changes Waste management Natural factors Volcanic eruption Solar radiation variability Circulation patterns Milankovitch cycles

21. Why Earth’s Climate is Changing Faster Than Ever? Earth’s climate is now changing faster than at any point in the known history of the climate. Why? The rapid pace of current climate change is driven by human activities across key sectors like energy, transport, buildings, agriculture, and land use. These activities have significantly increased GHG emissions, leading to accelerated global warming . How?

22. How? Burning of Fossil Fuels: Combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases that act like a blanket wrapped around the Earth, trapping the sun’s heat and raising temperatures. More blankets = more warmth Impact: CO₂ traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Example: Power plants, vehicles, and industrial processes are major contributors.

23. Land use and Deforestation: Cutting down forests for agriculture, logging, and urbanization reduces the number of trees that absorb CO₂. Impact: Less CO₂ is removed from the atmosphere, increasing its concentration. Example: Ethiopia’s pristine forest, a major carbon sink, destroyed. How? …

24. Industrialization: Industrial activities release GHGs like methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) . Impact: These gases are more potent than CO₂ in trapping heat. Why? Example: Agriculture, waste management, and chemical production are key sources. How? …

25. Comparison Table Greenhouse Gas GWP (100 years) Lifespan in Atmosphere Key Sources Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) 1 Hundreds to thousands of years Fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial processes. Methane (CH₄) 28–36 ~12 years Agriculture, fossil fuel leaks, landfills. Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) 265–298 ~114 years Fertilizers, industrial processes, combustion. GWP (Global Warming Potential) is a critical metric for understanding and addressing the impacts of different greenhouse gases on global warming.

26. Population Growth and Consumption: A growing global population increases demand for energy, food, and resources, leading to higher GHG emissions. Impact: More emissions accelerate climate change. Example: Increased meat consumption raises methane emissions from livestock. How? …

27. How…? Agricultural Sector: Agricultural practices emit methane ( CH₄ ) from livestock digestion and rice paddies, and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from synthetic fertilizers and manure. Impact: Accounts for ~19% of global GHG emissions . Example: Cattle farming, rice cultivation, and fertilizer use. Energy, transport, buildings, agriculture and land use are among the main sectors causing greenhouse gases.

28. Sector Key Activities Main GHGs Emitted % of Global GHG Emissions Energy Electricity, heat, and industrial processes CO₂ ~73% Transport Road vehicles, aviation, shipping CO₂ ~16% Buildings Heating, cooling, lighting, construction CO₂ ~17% Agriculture Livestock, rice paddies, fertilizers CH₄, N₂O ~19% Land Use and Forestry Deforestation, land conversion CO₂ ~10% Industrial Processes Cement, steel, and chemical production CO₂, N₂O ~5% Summary Table of Key Sectors and Their Contributions:

29. Consequences of climate change Climate change affects all regions around the world. Consequences of Climate Change include: Rising global temperature Melting ice caps and glaciers Extreme weather events Changing ecosystem Food and water insecurity Health impact Economic consequences

30. Effect of climate change Effects of climate change on weather Higher average temperatures Longer lasting droughts More intense wildfires Stronger storms Effects of climate change on the environment Sea level rising Flooding Ocean warming Loss of oxygenation in ocean Increasing ocean acidification

31. Effect of … Effects of climate change on agriculture Change in temperature, precipitation, and frost timing Change in Agricultural Productivity  Impacts to Soil and Water Resources Health Challenges to Agricultural Workers and Livestock Effects of climate change on human health Rising Temperatures and Heatwaves Changing Disease Patterns Extreme Weather Events Food and Water Insecurity Mental Health Impacts Future effects of climate change Discover climate change pressure for Future??

32. Discussion and reflection session – 10 min Mention some weather extreme events you know in Ethiopia Ethiopia’s contribution to the global GHG emission is insignificant. But the country is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Why? do we have any doable opportunities or actions? Overview of climate change in Ethiopia

33. Overview of climate change in Ethiopia Over the last decades, the temperature in Ethiopia increased at about 0.2 °C per decade. The increase in minimum temperatures is more pronounced with roughly 0.4 °C per decade. Precipitation, on the other hand, remained fairly stable over the last 50 years when averaged over the country. However, the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation is high.

34. Cont… Globally, Ethiopia accounts for less than 0.1% of emissions, yet it is already experiencing the adverse effects of climate change. More than 85% of emissions are due to agriculture and deforestation . In general, improving agricultural productivity, ensuring food security and gender equality, and climate change adaptation are important policy concerns in the country. T he power, transport, industrial and building sectors contribute 3% each. investing on renewable alternative energy sources

35. Cont … Climate change - cause Ethiopian drought https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uZqNPSJpdY The devastating impact of climate change in Ethiopia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zh9kc343etk

36. Cont … The following summarizes the major weather extreme events in Ethiopia: Frequent and severe droughts (occurring once every other year) (Afar, Somali, Borena, Tigray, Amhara, …) Erratic and uneven rainfall ( Somali, Afar, Tigray, Amhara, Oromia, South …) Shifts in the onset and cessation of the seasonal rainfalls, and shorter rainy days General water stress and scarcity (Afar, South Omo, Borena, Chiro) Increased heat waves and windy days (pastoral districts in Afar, South Omo and Borena) Increased health risks (malaria, diarrhea, and malnutrition) Increased landslides and soil erosion

37. Some key impacts of climate change in Ethiopia include : Droughts : Ethiopia has faced recurrent droughts in recent years, affecting food production and leading to widespread hunger and malnutrition in parts of the country. Flooding : Climate change has also caused more intense rainfall events, leading to flooding in some regions of Ethiopia, causing displacement of communities and destruction of infrastructure. Desertification : Climate change has exacerbated the process of desertification in Ethiopia, leading to the degradation of arable land and loss of vegetation. Loss of biodiversity : Climate change has also affected the unique biodiversity of Ethiopia, with species facing extinction due to changing habitats and temperatures.

38. Soil erosion is defined as the physical processes which cause land degradation , impacting negatively on soil productivity . This reduction in soil productivity is caused through a: loss of fertile topsoil and water holding capacity, reduction in rooting depth and removal of nutrients Strong winds also disturb dry soil causing soil erosion, an issue in the drylands the soilspehere is a critical carbon sink , thus playing a crucial role in mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and global warming.

39. Natural Climate Solutions in Ethiopia Promotes sustainable forest, agricultural, and community land management to address the causes of land use change. Promote sustainable livelihoods, and increase the effectiveness of environmental policies. Protecting forests and other key ecosystems sustains livelihoods, mitigates climate change risks, and maintains environmental services like biodiversity preservation, carbon capture, and water purification. Reducing tillage frequency to reduce surface soil erosion and replace with climate smart agricultural practices like cover crop, mulching, manuring , ...

40. Invest in soil and water conservation, Plant trees (particularly Multi purpose plant seedlings) Manage grazing lands (use shifting or cut-and-carry system) Restore degraded ecosystems by exclosure management practice Develop community-level disaster risk management assessments and action plans. Provided continuous training on climate vulnerability analysis Doable actions

41. National Climate Resilience and Green Economy Strategy The plan and action to mitigate GHG emissions is built on the following four pillars: Improving crop and livestock production practices for greater food security and higher farmer incomes while reducing emissions; Protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem services, while sequestering significant amounts of carbon dioxide and increasing the carbon stocks in landscapes; Generation and distribution of electricity from clean and renewable sources; Leapfrogging to modern and energy efficient technologies in transport, industry and building sectors. Ethiopia’s commitment to address climate change:

42. 2. Emissions Reduction Targets ( Reduce emissions by 64% by 2030) This target is considered ambitious and reflects Ethiopia's dedication to mitigating climate change impacts while pursuing sustainable development pathways. 3. Renewable Energy Development Ethiopia is investing heavily in renewable energy sources, particularly hydropower, wind, and solar. The country aims to achieve universal electricity access and increase the share of renewable energy in its energy mix to over 90% by 2030 4. Rural Electrification and Clean Cooking The government is prioritizing rural electrification and clean cooking initiatives to improve energy access and reduce reliance on traditional biomass fuels. Efforts to promote clean cooking technologies, such as improved cookstoves and biogas, aim to mitigate indoor air pollution and deforestation while enhancing energy efficiency. 5. Afforestation and Reforestation ( Reforest and restore up to 15 million hectares) Ethiopia has launched ambitious afforestation and reforestation programs to combat deforestation, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. The " Green Legacy initiative ” , launched in 2019, aims to plant billions of trees across the country to restore degraded landscapes, enhance carbon sequestration, and promote ecosystem resilience.

43. Ethiopia’s adaptation interventions in Agriculture: Promotion of climate-resilient crop varieties and livestock breeds. Adoption of conservation agriculture practices to enhance soil moisture retention and reduce erosion. Implementation of water-saving irrigation techniques, such as drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting. Capacity building for farmers on climate-smart agricultural practices and weather forecasting.

44. Institutional capacity building Ethiopia has undertaken several strategic and programmatic adaptation and mitigation actions. The strategies and plans which are enabling actual implementations of climate actions include: 1. The National Adaptation Programme of Action ( NAPA ) of 2007; 2. The Ethiopian Programme of Adaptation to Climate Change (EPACC, 2011); 3. Nine National Regional States and two City Administration adaptation plans; 4. Five sectoral adaptation plans; 5. Climate Resilience Strategy in Agriculture and Forestry; 6. Climate Resilience Strategy in Water and Energy; 7. Climate Resilience Strategy in Transport; 8. National Adaptation Plan (2017); 9. Guideline for Integrating the CRGE into Sector Development Plans; 10. CRGE Sectors Roadmap for Implementation of Green Economy Mitigation Actions.

45. ETHIOPIA’S CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY ROADMAP

46. What constrained severely the effective implementation of existing environmentally-oriented policies and programs in Ethiopia? The effective implementation of environmentally-oriented policies in Ethiopia is severely constrained by: financial limitations, weak institutions, population pressure, poverty, land degradation, climate change, and lack of awareness . Addressing these challenges requires integrated approaches that combine: policy enforcement, community engagement, capacity building, and sustainable financing mechanisms .

47. Education has a role to climate change adaptation and mitigation However, Ethiopia’s educational sector in general and its curricular policy in particular remains far behind the expected level of integration of climate change education (CCE) in the formal education system. Climate change education in Ethiopia

48. B ut, There is a need to advance climate literacy in Ethiopia at each stage ( formal and non-formal ) by giving due emphasis. R ecently Ethiopia has launched a new national climate change education strategy that seeks to create environmentally conscious citizens by 2030 . Every school in the country will be champions in building a climate resilient green economy . https://www.uncclearn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Ethiopia-Strategy-Final-Document-Digital.pdf

49. How climate change education is incorporated into school curricula? Schools, parents, and policymakers need to work together to address climate and environmental change challenges and ensure that students have access to a safe , healthy , and supportive learning environment .

50. The devastating impact of climate and environmental change on education Climate and environmental change poses an accelerating threat to education , particularly for girls, the poorest and most marginalised children. Disasters are increasing in severity and occurring almost five times as frequently as 40 years ago , already disrupting the education of nearly 40 million children a year.

51. Effects are both direct and indirect: Flooding destroys schools, storms force people to flee their homes; droughts result in children having to go further to collect water or look after animals, leaving less time available for education; and financial impacts of climate shocks mean families cannot afford to keep children in school. Time spent away from school due to disasters has been shown to have severe consequences for learning, lasting years after the disruption has ended.

52. Even when children stay in school, environmental changes such as temperature increases and high levels of pollution make learning difficult, as children’s physical wellbeing and ability to concentrate are compromised. For every step we take forward on education, climate and environmental change takes us two steps back.

53. The positive and negative effects - CCE Positive effects: Integration of climate change into curriculum : Schools may incorporate lessons on climate change, environmental science, and sustainability into their curriculum, providing students with valuable knowledge and skills. Increased awareness : Climate change education can raise awareness among students, teachers, and the community about the importance of environmental conservation and sustainable practices.

54. Development of critical thinking skills: Education can help students develop critical thinking skills, which are essential for analysing complex environmental issues and developing effective solutions. Improved decision-making skills : Education can help students develop decision-making skills that enable them to make informed choices about their personal behaviour and lifestyle, as well as to participate in collective decision-making processes related to climate change and sustainability. Career opportunities and Future development

55. Negative effects: Disruption of education : Extreme weather events like droughts, floods, and heatwaves can disrupt school operations, leading to closures and interruptions in learning. Poor Air Quality: Climate change can lead to poor air quality, particularly in urban areas, due to increased levels of pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter. Health hazards : Climate change-related health issues, such as increased heat stress and waterborne diseases, can affect students' well-being and ability to attend school.

56. Increased Absenteeism - Extreme weather events such as floods, hurricanes, and wildfires can disrupt transportation, cause power outages, and damage schools, making it difficult for students to attend school Resource constraints : Limited resources and infrastructure may impede efforts to address climate change in schools, hindering educational programs and initiatives. Limited Career Opportunities – reduce alternative and job opportunity

57. Overall, the negative impacts of climate change on education and future development are significant and wide-ranging. It is important to take action to mitigate the impacts of climate change and ensure that students have access to a safe and healthy learning environment, as well as opportunities for future success.

58. Benefits of education for climate and environment Reduced vulnerability to disasters : Studies show that quality education dramatically reduces vulnerability to death from weather-related disasters. During times of crisis, continuity of access to education can be lifesaving if it offers protection, access to health services, normality, and hope. Increased resilience and adaptive capacity : Children with foundational skills (literacy, numeracy, critical thinking, and problem-solving) help families better process and act on information about risk. Educated populations are healthier, more financially secure, and better able to recover from climate shocks.

59. Behavior change : While knowledge transfer is not sufficient, education could play a role in supporting behavior change of individuals for better climate adaptation and future mitigation. Shift to green economies : Inclusive, quality education is needed to power an equitable transition to a green economy, providing girls and boys with the transferable skills needed to do jobs that have not even been imagined yet. Education is key for research and innovation, which will be needed to identify future solutions to the climate and environment crisis.

60. How CC can be effectively integrated in to a curriculum? Integration into Existing Subjects: Science: Teach the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, and impacts of global warming. Include experiments on renewable energy and climate modeling. Geography: Explore climate zones, weather patterns, and the impact of climate change on ecosystems. Study case studies of regions affected by climate change. Social Studies: Discuss climate justice, policy, and the role of international agreements (e.g., Paris Agreement). Examine the social and economic impacts of climate change. Mathematics: Analyze climate data, trends, and graphs. Calculate carbon footprints and energy usage. Language Arts: Read and write about climate change topics, such as essays, stories, or debates. Use literature to explore environmental themes.

61. Stand-Alone Climate Change Courses: Develop dedicated courses or modules on climate science, sustainability, and environmental stewardship. Include topics like renewable energy, waste management, and climate adaptation strategies. Project-Based Learning: Hands-On Activities: School gardens, tree planting, or recycling programs. Energy audits and water conservation projects. Community Projects: Collaborate with local organizations on climate action initiatives. Conduct awareness campaigns or clean-up drives. Use of Technology and Digital Tools: Incorporate online platforms, simulations, and interactive tools to teach climate concepts. Use apps and games to engage students in learning about sustainability Extracurricular Activities: Establish eco-clubs or green teams to promote environmental awareness. Organize field trips to renewable energy sites, nature reserves, or recycling centers. Partnerships and Collaboration: Partner with NGOs, government agencies, and universities to enhance climate education. Involve parents and the community in school climate initiatives. How CC … ?

62. Examples of Successful Integration: Finland: Climate change is embedded across subjects, with a focus on critical thinking and problem-solving. Kenya: Environmental education is part of the national curriculum, with an emphasis on local issues like deforestation and water scarcity. USA: Many schools use the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) , which include climate science. How it can be effectively integrated?

63. Empowerment and leadership : Where education opens leadership opportunities for girls as adults, emerging evidence suggests that their participation in national politics can lead countries to adopt environment-friendly policies. Reduced inequalities: Quality education can tackle discrimination, including gender discrimination, because schools reach children at an age before norms are internalized. Reducing inequalities in society is critical to limiting the inequitable effects of climate and environmental change.

64. Pathways of change The framework below outlines two pathways to address climate and environmental change in and through education: More resilient and inclusive education systems; and Safer learning facilities: Education continuity management Risk reduction and resilience education

65. Possible actions: Geo-spatial mapping to identify areas and schools at risk of flooding or landslide hazard-specific school design and construction adhering to codes and standards maintenance and retrofitting existing schools Innovations contingency plans and inclusive remote learning approaches including education in disaster management plans parental engagement and mobilization of community incorporating risk reduction and resilience into curricula and teacher training

66. Climate-smart infrastructure: Climate-smart infrastructure offers benefits beyond safety and can be much more conducive environments for student wellbeing and learning, while mitigating impact on the local environment. Climate-smart infrastructure will look different in different contexts, depending on specific environmental hazards. Possible actions: building or retrofitting school buildings to optimize natural heat, light and ventilation, ensuring they are accessible to all children including those with disabilities approaches such as painting school roofs white; school gardens; rainwater harvesting; planting trees identifying clean energy sources

67. 2) Knowledge, skills and agency for climate resilience and action Education has a critical role to play in reducing vulnerability, improving communities’ resilience and adaptive capacity, identifying innovations, and empowering individuals to be part of the solution to—rather than victims of—climate and environmental change. Possible actions : DRM and resilience education whole school approaches such as school gardens, rainwater harvesting, installing solar panels, bee-keeping, and tree planting mainstreaming relevant green skills into curricula reform recruitment and training of teachers at all levels, including with subject specialist knowledge developing assessment approaches to determine the success of climate education in supporting more resilient, adaptive and mitigate behaviors

68. How climate change education is incorporated into school curricula? Cross-Disciplinary Approach Science Education Geography and Environmental Studies Social Studies and Civics Mathematics and Data Analysis Language Arts and Communication Outdoor and Experiential Learning Project-Based Learning and Action Projects

69. Overview of Ethiopia’s Climate change strategy in education: Integration of climate change education into school curriculum Educational Resources and Materials Teacher Training Programs Extracurricular Activities and Programs Partnerships and Collaborations Community Engagement and Outreach Practical projects and field trips Implementation of sustainable practices Incorporating green technologies Encouraging research and innovation Advocacy and activism

70. How can education really contribute to solving the climate crisis? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrTL1__4SvM How Environmental Education Inspires Climate Action https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzgl9nqNd3w Schools need to devote resources to climate change education https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4nVLTYX79w

71. Making Climate Change Connections in Every Class (Climate change Game) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1fRya0dyekY

72. Climate change mitigation and adaptation Definitions: Adaptation: The process of adjustment to changes in an environment. In the context of climate change, it refers to changing our lifestyles to cope with a new environment rather than trying to stop climate change. Mitigation : Taking action to reduce the severity or intensity of an event. In the context of climate change it refers to reducing the output of greenhouse gases and/or increasing the size and amount of greenhouse gas storage sites or sinks

73. What can we do? Climate change mitigation and adaptation:

74. Climate change mitigation strategies Use renewable energy Reducing carbon footprint Electrify your home and transportation Conserve water Change your transportation Conserve and restore forests Wetland restoration Reduce greenhouse gas emission through your food choices

75. Climate change adaptation strategies Early warning systems Ecosystem restoration Climate-resilient infrastructure Water supplies and security Long-term planning

76. Reduce Carbon Footprint in Schools Greenhouse gas emissions from the schools are divided into four main sources: Energy use in school buildings Pupil and staff travel to and from school, and other journeys undertaken on school bus Emissions produced by companies that supply goods and services to schools, for example, a school food provider Emissions from waste produced by school

77. The following way can be also followed in reducing schools’ impact on the environment: Go with the greener alternatives Run a more eco-friendly school system Reduce energy waste Change to energy-saving light bulbs Manage the waste Recycling and composting Encourage students to grow plants and trees Go Paperless

78. Practical – session

79. At the end of the practical session trainees will be able to: a) Minimization Waste b) Handling and Storage Waste c) Describe, characterize and segregate waste d) Transport waste and e) Keep r ecord properly Practical 1 - Waste management

80. Prevention Reuse Recycling (resource recovery) Recovery Disposal Waste Generation Minimization

81. Organic waste Waste from preparation of food, market places, etc. Combustibles Paper, wood, dried leaves, packaging for relief items, etc. (high organic and low moisture content) Non-combustibles Metal, tin cans, bottles, stones, etc. Ashes/dust Residue from fires used for cooking Bulky waste Tree branches, tyres, etc Dead animals Carcasses of domestic animals and livestock Hazardous waste Oil, battery acid, medical waste Construction waste Roofing, rubble, broken concrete, etc. Table A1. Different categories of solid wastes.

82. Practical – 2: Vegetable Gardening

83. Practical - 3: Compost preparation The Materials Required for Making Compost Manure Waste straws and grasses. Weeds, leaves fallen from trees. Roots and stems of young plants. Dung and urine of animals. Organic kitchen product ( vegetable, food wastes) Limestone, ash, urea, etc.

84. The Place for Making Compost Manure The near place from farm. Elevated & well drained place Place of easy care and observation. Methods of Preparing Compost Manure Pit method (Below ground level ) – Digging pit, Filling pit, Using bamboo or wood stake for manure ventilation, Covering by mud or plastic Heap method (above ground level) The Heap method of composting is one easy method of aerobic (in the presence of oxygen) composting. It requires a convenient location to make the compost pile. A shady area, protected from sunlight, rainfall, and strong wind would be preferred. The base of the heap must be in contact with the loosened earth.

85. Identifying the Well Decomposed Compost & FYM The manure is decayed and appears black. The used materials lose its original form, and cannot be distinguished The manure does not stick in hand. The bad smell of manure is less.

86. References and Further Reading USAID. 2015. USAID LEAF‘s Climate Change Curriculum . USAID Lowering Emissions in Asia Forests Program (USAID LEAF). Winrock International and US Forest Service. Bangkok, Thailand. Climate Science Primer: http://www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/climate-basics/climate-primer Climate Basics - Frequently Asked Questions http://www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/climate-basics/climate-faq Foukal , P., C. Frohlich, H. Spruit, and T. M. L. Wigley. 2006. Variations in solar luminosity and their effect on the Earth's climate. Nature 443: 161-166. Global Warming & Climate Change Myths https://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Reports: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtml Mantua, N.J., S.R. Hare, Y. Zhang, J.M. Wallace, and R.C. Francis, 1997: A Pacific decadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 78, pp 1069-1079. World Bank. 2012. Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must Be Avoided. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/11860

87. Thank You!! The climate crisis affects us all, regardless of faith or background.