Tram train

what is tram trains types of trams and how to construct ,planning conditions to be consider and the condition trams in india it was an case study in kolkata city on trams situation

1. Trams Presented by v. Hemalatha (NM2104TE03) 1

2. CONTENTS Introduction Why Tram Layout Construction Planning Comparison Case study Advantages Dis-Advantages Reference 2

3. Introduction A tram/tramcar/streetcar/trolley car or cable car is a rail vehicle which runs on fixed rails and designed to travel on streets, sharing road space with normal traffic and pedestrians. Trams is a medium capacity mode of mass rapid transport which staddles between the heavy capacity metro rail and the low capacity bus services. It is a form of rail transit that utilizes equipment and infrastructure that is typically less massive than that used for heavy rail modes. 3

4. Cheap, electrically operated, pollution-free mode, having a high carrying capacity in light rails. 4

5. Why TRAM More c onvenient No pollution Reduce the emission of green house gases. Reduc e the traffic congestion Reduction of usage of fossil fuels 5

6. Types Double ended, single ended Articulated Double decker Low floor Tram train Rubber tired tram 6

7. 7 Trams are typically designed as uni -directional single-ended vehicles, or double-ended vehicles capable of being driven in both directions.

8. 8 Articulated trams are made up of multiple body sections, connected by flexible  joints Rubber- tyred trams are trams that are guided by fixed rail, but also make use of rubber tyres . A double-decker tram is a tram that has two  levels . Some double-decker trams have open tops. 

9. Layout 9

10. Construction planning Traffic management during construction including temporary signage Utility diversions particularly underground utilities Cutting of trees Facilities for pedestrian crossing Traffic signal planning, installation and phasing Planning and providing additional alternative routes for Motar vehicle traffic Planning for parking of vehicles of residents along the corridor Delays to the movement of motor vehicle traffic, after construction particularly at the road junctions 10

11. Comparison Metro vs tram system The infrastructure cost is less for trams. Metro transport is exclusive domain of metro train only. Metro provides higher average speed but for that the inter station spacing is around 1-3 km where as tram provide stoppage every 300-500 meter. This suits the passenger to complete the journey to his destination with only few meters to be traveled on foot. Tram stops in the street are easily accessible to the passenger unlike metro stations where he/she is to negotiate security checks, escalator/ stairs etc. 11

12. The maintenance cost of tramways is much less as compared to metro system due to very limited infrastructure It is possible to relocate the tram network. 12

13. Bus vs tram system Tram and road co-exist on the same infrastructure Rail base transport system is energy-efficient as the train resistance of steel wheel as very low as compared to rubber tyer wheel. Tram system runs on electric system, which can be sourced from renewable source of energy where as buses runs on petrol, diesel which causes emission of green house gases. tram can adopt to the peak hours by adding coach Passenger comfort is derived where acceleration and de-acceleration is much smoother as compared to bus 13

14. Trains vs tram 14 Train Tram A train is a heavyweight land transport system used by people to travel over long distances. A tram is lightweight land transportation used to travel within the city or within two cities. The track rails and beds for running trains are made of heavyweight  iron  to support the weight of trains. The tracks for  running  trams are known as tramways. The tracks laid for trams are lightweight so that they don’t damage the roads. Trains run over long distances between different cities, they do not share their running areas with any other mode of transport. Trams run over short distances as compared to trains and over a longer distance as compared to buses. They share their running area with cars, buses, etc. Since trains are long distance transport, therefore, have stoppages over long distances. Their stops are at least 1 km apart. Trams stop after every few yards and generally run within the city limits, these are found mostly in developed urban cities.

15. Case study Tram were discontinued in all Indian cities between 1933 and 1964, except for  Kolkata Now a days Kolkata tram is posing a critical phase due to increase of transport facilities in Kolkata An 'On-Street Public Survey’ has been conduced with 6 basic questions there are: 1. Your riding frequency on Kolkata tram 2. Have you ever faced or been in a situation about to face an accident caused by Tram bus 3. 'Traffic jam influenced by Kolkata Tramways 4. ' What is/are the major problem(s) of Kolkata Tramways? 5. Why Kolkata Tramways should be promoted?’ 6. What should be the future of Kolkata Tramways' 15

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17. Conti… A separate tram route should be provided. This will enhance the speed, mobility and easy access not only to the tram but also to the other vehicles. Separate tram stoppage should be provided so that other vehicles don't get disturbed. Those places where Tram speed is hampered by the pedestrians, a separate Foot Bridge or underground subway should be provided to cross the road. People should be encouraged for using the tram or metro as public transmit. In that case private vehicles will be reduced reducing the tendency of traffic congestion . 17

18. Advantages Efficient, reduces normal traffic Lower construction, operating & maintenance cost per passenger Pollution free , Less noise Can be relocated Suit area were level of demand for heavy rail is less Tram provide a higher capacity service than buses. Trams stations in the street are easily accessible. 18

19. Dis-advantages Higher capital cost than for buses Trams can cause speed reduction for other transport modes Tram can be delayed by disruptions in their lane Over take cannot be done Tram tracks can be hazardous for cyclists, as bikes wheels caught in the track grooves In the event of a breakdown or accident, or even roadworks and maintenance, a whole section of the tram network can be blocked. 19

20. Reference Google IJIRSET : Tramways System: A case study of Kolkata(paper) YOUTUBE 20

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