Transgenic animal technology ppt

Transgenic Animals, Transgenic Animal Technology, Methods for creating Transgenic Animals, Products from transgenic animals, applications of transgenic animals, ethical issues.

1. TRANSGENIC ANIMAL TECHNOLOGY By Hasnat Tariq

2. Transgenic Animal Transgenic animals are animals that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. The foreign gene is constructed using recombinant DNA methodology. Here is the picture of two transgenic mouse that are genetically modified by having a green fluorescent protein and it glows under blue light.

3. Timeline and key events In 1929, Jackson memorial laboratories developed mice to study cancer and other diseases In September 1980, the first mice was created by recombinant DNA technology. In November 1980, Capecchi published a technique to inject DNA directly into the nuclei of cultured mammalian cells by using glass micropipettes. On July 5, 1996 , the first cloned mammal (Dolly, the sheep) was born and the work done by Wilmut . In September 2006, the first human monoclonal antibody drug approved. On September 23, 2015, Beijing Genomic Institute created micropigs with the help of TALENs gene editing technique. On October 5, 2015, US Scientists from Harvard University modified 60 genes in pig embryos to create pig organs that are suitable for humans.

4. METHODS FOR CREATING TRANSGENIC ANIMALS There are three basic methods by which we can produce transgenic animals: 1. DNA Microinjection. 2. Embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. 3. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.

5. 1. DNA Microinjection

6. 2. Embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer

7. 3. Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer

8. PRODUCTS FROM TRANSGENIC ANIMALS Below are some of the products gained through transgenic technology and their source. Goats Monoclonal Antibodies ( MAbs ) Tissue Plasminogen Activator ( tpa ) ATryn Mice MAbs Antithrombin proteins HSA (Human Serum Albumin) Beta interferon Fibrinogen Prolactin

9. PRODUCTS FROM TRANSGENIC ANIMALS (Cont..) Cows Factors VIII (A blood clotting protein, also known as Anti- haemophilic factor) Recombinant antithrombin III ( rATIII ), Human milk protein Recombinant HSA. Rabbits Human erythropoietin Recombinant human C1 inhibitor (used to treat Hereditary angioedema) TPA Alpha glucosidase ( Antidiabeutic drug) Human growth hormone.

10. APPLICATIONS OF TRANSGENIC ANIMALS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY Transgenic animals are used in medical research . Transgenic animals are also used in the field called toxicology as a source of detection of toxicants . They are also used in Biotechnology as they produce specific proteins . They are also used in Xenografting . In molecular biology, they are used for analyzing regulation of gene expression . Transgenic animals have a great role in pharmaceutical industry, They are used for drug testing and drug production .

11. ETHICAL ISSUES When we move to the genetic modification of humans and animals, more objections regarding ethics are recorded. That’s because, with the advancement in transgenic animal technology more animals are used for research purposes.The ethical concern regarding animals is that they have to suffer during our research and it is against animal rights.

12. FUTURE PROSPECTS Transgenic technology in making transgenic animals is quite inefficient and expensive. Genes can only be introduced into an animal without any control on the site of integration. So, more studies are needed to improve the success and controlled positioning of integration of transgenes in the future. Scientists are also finding some ways to create organs by Xenogenic cells that can be transplanted into humans. Scientists are improving the quality and quantity of the products obtained from transgenic technology. Other improvements that are going on in transgenic animal technology include artificial chromosomes , inducible genes and improvement in nuclear transfer techniques.

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