Translation Techniques, How to begin your translation.pptx

Common Techniques in Translation, also known as translation method.

1. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE

2. How important is the translation technique? Translation technique influences the translation product. It compares SL and TL. It influences the small unit of texts, such as word, phrase, and sentence. It is discursive and contextual. It is functional. (Molina & Hurtado Albir , 2002: 509)

3. 1. Adaptation It is a way to substitute the cultural elements in the SL which is acceptable to the cultural elements in the TL. It is different with adaptation in translation method. Example: SL : Dear Sir TL : Yang terhomat SL : Sincerely yours TL : Hormat saya

4. 2. Amplification It gives a detailed information in TL which does not exist in SL. Example : SL : Ramadhan (Arabic) TL : Ramadhan , the Moslem month of fasting.

5. 3. Borrowing It is a way taking a phrase/ word directly from SL. It is in the form of one morpheme. Example: In Indonesian, we have some loan words such as anus, urine, horizon, diameter, stereo, neutron, etc

6. 4. Calque It is a technique of translating morphemes by creating the term coming from the SL. It is in the form of two morphemes. Example: SL : Almighty TL : Omnipotens (Latin) omni = all potens = mighty

7. 5. Compensation It is used to introduce an SL element of information or stylistic effect in another place in the TL because it can not be replaced in the same place as in the SL.

8. Example: A : “Why don’t you write a good thrilling detective story?” she asked. B : “Me?” exclaimed Mrs. Albert Forrester, for the first time in her life regardless of grammar. A : “ Mengapa Anda tidak menulis roman detektif yang menegangkan saja ?” tanyanya . B : “ Apaan ?” teriak Ny . Albert Forrester, untuk pertama kali dalam hidupnya lupa pada tata bahasanya .

9. 6. Description It is to replace a term or expression with a description of its form or/and function. Example : SL : nasi tumpeng TL : boiled rice, designed in the shape of cone

10. 7. Discursive Creation It is to establish a temporary equivalence that is unpredictable out of context. It is an operation in the cognitive process of translating by which a non-lexical equivalence is established that only works in context. Example: SL : Rumble Fish = Ikan Gemuruh TL : La Ley de La Calle (Spanish) = Lintasan Jalan yang Ramai

11. Established Equivalent It uses a term or expression recognized (by dictionary or language in use) as an equivalent in the TL. Example: SL : They are as like as two peas. TL : Mereka seperti pinang dibelah dua .

12. 9. Generalization It uses a more general or neutral term. Example: SL : She was letting her temper go by inches. TL : Dia sedikit demi sedikit kehilangan kesabarannya . ( tidak diterjemahkan ‘ inci demi inci ’)

13. 10. Modulation It changes the point of view and cognitive category in the SL either lexically or structurally. Example: SL : You’re going to have a child. TL : Kamu akan menjadi seorang bapak .

14. 11. Particularization It is to use a more precise or concrete term. It is the opposite of generalization.

15. 12. Reduction It is to reduce the abundant words. It is the opposite of amplification technique. Example: SL : The proposal was rejected and repudiated . TL : Usulnya ditolak . SL : The treaty was proclaimed nul and avoid . TL : Perjanjian itu dinyatakan tidak berlaku .

16. 13. Substitution It is to change linguistic elements for paralinguistic elements (intonation, gestures) or vice versa. It often happens in interpreting case.

17. 14. Transposition It is to change a grammatical category. Example: SL : I see him from the windows . (plural) TL : Aku melihatnya dari balik jendela . (singular)

18. Assignment Search another sources to make you comprehend more about these materials. Please find out a short text in bilingual (English and Indonesian) then analyze the translation techniques that the writer used in translating the text. Submit your assignment on next Wednesday, 24 th December 2014. I’m going to make up the next week class into that day as next Friday is off. Thank you