transmission of the three phase fault BE Project P5.pptx

it is and fault analysis of an three phase transmission fault dettection

1. Content. Problem statement Abstract Objective Of The Project Introduction Literature Survey Block Diagram Component Used Partial Conclusion

2. Introduction In any electrical system, due to overvoltage or over current line--ground fault, line to line fault, line-line-line fault and line-line line-ground faults occur. The electrical substation is supply the power to the consumers means industries or domestic can have failures due to any of the fault which can be temporary or permanent. These faults lead to damage to the power system equipment The TimerIc-555 has been used to give the time duration of fault. Circuit breaker is used for disconnecting the line at fault instant and connecting on clearance of fault.

3. Objective Of The Project To study the Major Faults in three-phase transmission line. To study use of Regulator IC for constant voltage output. To learn Arduino microcontroller for interfacing it with relays and LCD 16X2. To study prototype model for further implementation.

4. Problem Statement . In modern power systems, the reliability and stability of three-phase transmission lines are critical for continuous power delivery. However, these lines are vulnerable to various types of faults such as line-to-ground, line-to-line, and three-phase faults, which can lead to equipment damage, power outages, and safety risks. Traditional fault detection methods often suffer from limitations in speed, accuracy, and fault classification, making real-time monitoring and quick response difficult.

5. Literature Survey Literature Survey No.1 Title of paper: - Fault Analysis on Three Phase System by Auto Reclosing Mechanism. Journal/Conference Name: Indian Jute Industries' Research Association (IJERA) Publisher/Vol/Page No.: - eISSN : 2319-1163, Volume: 4 Issue: 05, May 2015, pp: 292–298 What is given in the paper Methodology How is it useful for our project Various faults are simulated to develop an automatic tripping mechanism for a three-phase supply system. The system detects temporary and permanent faults using a timer 555-based relay mechanism. Used 555 timer along with relays for fault analysis. Short-duration faults trigger temporary trips, and long-duration faults lead to permanent trips. Helps in automating fault detection and tripping system to prevent damage and improve power reliability in three-phase systems.

6. I In any electrical system, due to overvoltage or over current line--ground fault, line to line fault, line-line-line fault and line-line line-ground faults occur. The electrical substation is supply the power to the consumers means industries or domestic can have failures due to any of the fault which can be temporary or permanent. These faults lead to damage to the power system equipment. The TimerIc-555 has been used to give the time duration of fault. Circuit breaker is used for disconnecting the line at fault instant and connecting on clearance of fault. Reclosing mechanism resets the supply line after small interruption in the event of temporary fault or it remains in tripped condition in case of permanent fault. Abstract

7. Literature Survey Literature Survey No.2 Title of paper: - Three Phase Fault Analysis with Auto Reset for Temporary Fault and Trip for Permanent Fault. Journal/Conference Name: - IJERA Publisher/ Vol /Page No.: - eISSN : 2248-9622, Volume: 3 Issue: 6, Nov–Dec 2013, pp: 1082–1086 What is given in the paper Methodology How is it useful for our project Hardware design for three single-phase transformers with automatic tripping based on fault duration (temporary or permanent). It introduces the use of GSM modem for messaging in future scope. Used 555 timers and relays for fault detection. Short-duration faults reset automatically, while long-duration faults trigger permanent trips. Provides a mechanism for distinguishing between temporary and permanent faults with potential future integration of remote alerts via SMS.

8. Literature Survey What is given in the paper Methodology How is it useful for our project  Focuses on automatic reclosers for three-phase systems to isolate faults and restore supply in case of temporary faults. Timer-based mechanism using 555 IC and relay to classify fault type and act accordingly. Hardware setup to test the fault response system. Helps improve system reliability and can be further developed to include GSM communication for remote fault reporting. Literature Survey No.3 Title of paper: - Three Phase Auto Recloser Scheme Journal/Conference Name: - IJERA Publisher/Vol/Page No.: - eISSN : 2321-0613, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 2016, pp: 820–8022

9. Block Diagram Figure : Block Diagram of System.

10. Component Used This is a device which is used to covert electricity from alternating current (AC) voltage to another alternating current (AC) voltage with less loss of power. Here step down transformers are used for step down the voltage at 12volt from 220volt AC.The ratio of number of turns in the primary and secondary windings determines that a transformer is step-up or step-down. In this project three single phase transformers which are wired in star input and star output and three transformers are connected in delta connection. Transformer : Figure 1. Transformer with Flux Linkages

11. 2. Voltage Regulator: The LM78XX/LM78XXA series of three terminal positive regulators are available. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided they can deliver over 1A output current. These devices can be used with external component to obtain adjustable voltage and current. Figure 2. Voltage regulator IC

12. 3 . 555 Timer : The 555 Timer is an integrated circuit implementing a variety of timer & multivibrator applications. Depending on the manufacturer, the standards 555 package includes over 20 transistors, 2 diodes & 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8 pin mini dual-in-line package . Figure 3. 555 Timer with PIN diagram

13. 4. Relay: Relay is an electrically operated switch which helps in protecting system from severe damage by detecting and isolating fault on transmission and distribution lines by opening and closing of circuit breaker. Figure 4. Electromagnetic Relay

14. Conclusion This three phase fault analysis system is built using six single phase transformers out of which three are wired in star in star out configuration, and the rest 3 are connected in delta connections. The input to the transformers is 220 volt and output is 12 volt. For introducing faults on the low voltage side, set of switches are used that create LL, LG, and 3L faults. The supply returns to the load in the case of a short duration fault and is referred as a temporary trip while long duration disconnection of supply and load shall result in a permanent trip.