Transplantation Immunology and Pathology

Here we discuss the genetic inheritance we check when transplanting, the types of transplantation, HLA types. Graft rejection types, the hypersensitivity reactions involved in them and Graft vs Host Disease

1. TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY Sheba Roymon 601 Immunology individual work University of traditional medicine

2. INTRODUCTION Transplantation is the process of moving cells, tissues or organs from one site to another for the purpose of replacing or repairing damaged or diseased organs and tissues. It saves thousands of lives each year. However, the immune system poses a significant barrier to successful organ transplantation when tissues/organs are transferred from one individual to another. Transplants are either autografts (transplanting tissue within the recipient), isografts (transplanting tissue between genetically identical recipients), allografts (transplanting between genetically non-identical individuals but of the same species) and xenografts (transplanting tissue between different species). Transplant immunology alludes to the innate and adaptive responses that occur after the graft has been placed.

3. TYPES OF GRAFTS XENOGRAFT grafts between members of different species, have the most disparity and elicit the maximal immune response, undergoing rapid rejection AUTOGRAFT grafts from one part of the body to another (eg, skin grafts), are not foreign tissue and, therefore, do not elicit rejection ALLOGRAFT grafts between members of the same species that differ genetically. This is the most common form of transplantation 01 02 03 04 ISOGRAFT grafts between genetically identical individuals (eg, monozygotic twins), also undergo no rejection

4. Immunobiology GENETIC BACKGROUND

5. The antigens responsible for rejection of genetically disparate tissues are histocompatibility antigens Histocompatibility antigens are encoded on more than 40 loci, but the loci responsible for the most vigorous allograft rejection reactions are on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

6. MECHANISM OF REJECTION The immune response to a transplanted organ consists of both cellular (lymphocyte mediated) and humoral (antibody mediated) mechanisms. Although other cell types are also involved, the T cells are central in the rejection of grafts. The rejection reaction consists of the sensitization stage and the effector stage.

7. SENSITIZING STAGE

8. DIRECT & INDIRECT PATHWAY

9. EFFECTOR STAGE

10. CLINICAL STAGES OF REJECTION

11. HYPERACUTE REJECTION

12. ACUTE REJECTION

13. CHRONIC REJECTION

14. IMMUNE TOLERANCE

15. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

16. Does anyone have any questions? THANKS! Please keep this slide for attribution

17. Immunology of Transplant Rejection: Overview, History, Types of Grafts Immunology of transplantation - ScienceDirect Transplant Immunology Essential concept of transplant immunology for clinical practice - PMC Transplant immunology: Types of graft, and transplant rejection - Online Biology Notes Immunosuppressive Drugs for Kidney Transplantation | NEJM Tolerance and Autoimmunity Transplantation Immune Responses | Immunopaedia RESOURCES