Transport in plants for school project for grade 9

Transport in plants For school education purpose grade 9 project done in 2024.

1. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS By Owaiz Khan 9IGA

2. How is water and food transported around plants? There basically 2 vessels, xylem and phloem . Xylem transports water , while Phloem transports Amino acid and sucrose .

3. What are xylem vessels made up of? They are made up of many hollow, dead cells joined end-to-end . These cells have no cytoplasm or nuclei. The walls are made up of Cellulose and Lignin.

4. How is water taken up by the plant? Firstly, the water enters the plant through the roots plant via root hair cells and osmosis. Root hair cells are made up of many hair-like structures, having a large surface area for a large uptake of mineral ions and water. Water is first enters the root hair cell, then the epidermis of the root, then the cortex of the root, then finally to the xylem vessel.(Diagram given in next page. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

5. Transpiration and Transpiration pull Transpiration is a process whereby the leaf of a plant loses water (in water vapour form) by the stomata. When there is reduced pressure at the leaf(due to loss of water),water flows from high pressure to low pressure, making water constantly flow from the soil, then the xylem, then back to the leaf. This is also known as transpiration pull/stream. xylem

6. Measuring transpiration rate and conditions that affect it To measure transpiration rate ,you have to use a potometer, which literally means “Water measurer”. As the name suggests, you measure the amount of water taken up by the plant in the intervals of time. If it is a windy day, the water vapour around the leaf is moved away quickly, allowing more water vapour to diffuse out the plant(increase in transpiration). If the temperature is high, the greater kinetic energy of water molecules, so again a higher rate of transpiration. If it is humid, there is a lot of water vapour surrounding the leaf, which means less water to diffuse out of the leaf .(also affects transpiration pull)

7. Wilting Wilting takes place if the surround temperature of the plant is high, it is very windy and it is very less humid . (All conditions for a very high transpiration rate.)

8. Sources and sinks The part of a plant where sucrose and amino acids (normally leaves)are made, is known as a source. The other parts of the plant which receive the amino acids and sucrose via phloem vessel is known as sinks . During harsh conditions, plants cannot photosynthesise ,or they barely do, so they move their source to the root until the end of that time period.

9. THANK YOU!!! (thanks for listening and survivng )