Transportation in animals and plants.pptx

Grade 7

1. TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS CLASS 7 1

2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ∙ ∙ The circulatory system is a transport system in the human body which consists of a network of blood vessels that supplies food, water, oxygen throughout the body and removes waste products from the body. The main parts of the circulatory system are :Blood , Blood Vessels, Heart o 2

3. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD ‹#›

4. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD Red Blood Cell (RBC) White Blood Cells (WBC) Platelets Plasma ‹#›

5. BLOOD ‹#› Red blood cells :- contain a pigment called haemoglobin which transports oxygen. White blood cells :- fights against germs and protects us from diseases. Platelets :- help in clotting of blood - When you get a cut that’s deep enough to pierce a blood vessel wall, blood cells called platelets rush to the opening. Proteins in the liquid part of your blood, or plasma, make the platelets stick to the hole. The proteins and platelets form a sticky plug that stops the blood from flowing out. Plasma :The fluid part of the blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the different parts of the body. It also carries away the waste products of cell metabolism from various tissues to the organs responsible for detoxifying and/or excreting them.

6. Blood Vessels Our body contains tube-like structures called the blood vessels that help in the transportation of blood throughout our body. Our body contains three types of blood vessels based on the function that they perform: Arteries , Veins , Capillaries ‹#›

7. Arteries These blood vessels carry blood from the heart that contains oxygen into different parts of the body.Arteries have thick walls as the blood pressure is quite high in these blood vessels . They are narrow so that the blood can flow quickly through them. They do not contain valves as the blood in arteries always flows in the right direction due to the pumping of the heart. ‹#›

8. Pulmonary Artery The pulmonary artery is a special blood vessel that connects the heart to the lungs . It takes blood that contains less oxygen ( deoxygenated blood ) from the heart to the lungs. Hence, it is unlike all other arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood. ‹#›

9. Veins These blood vessels carry blood that is rich in Carbon dioxide from the body organs to the heart. Veins do not have thick walls as the blood pressure is quite low in them. They are slightly wider than the arteries. They contain valves that prevent blood from flowing in opposite direction. ‹#›

10. Pulmonary Vein The Pulmonary vein is a special blood vessel that connects the lungs and the heart . It carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart. Hence, it is unlike all other veins that carry oxygen-less blood. ‹#›

11. Capillaries Small blood vessels are called capillaries. The arteries divide themselves into capillaries which then deliver oxygenated blood to the tissues in the body. Then these capillaries take up the deoxygenated blood from the tissues to the veins. ‹#›

12. Schematic diagram of circulation ‹#›

13. Pulse And Pulse rate The continuous pumping of blood in the arteries results in rhythmic throbbing movements which is called Pulse. Pulse rate is defined as the number of pulse beats per minute. The normal pulse rate of human beings is 72 to 80 beats per minute. ‹#›

14. The heart is an organ present in our body that pumps the blood in the blood vessels. It is located in the chest cavity. Heart is roughly the size of your fist . The heart has four chambers . The two upper chambers are called Atria and two lower chambers are called ventricles. The partition between the chambers help to avoid mixing up of blood rich in oxygen with the blood rich in carbon dioxide . ‹#›

15. Sections of human heart ‹#›

16. Simulation Working of the heart

17. Heartbeat The walls of the chambers of the heart are made up of muscles. These muscles contract and relax rhythmically. This rhythmic contraction followed by its relaxation constitute a heartbeat . The stethoscope is an instrument that is used to listen to the Heartbeat of a person. It amplifies the Heartbeat so that the doctors can monitor it and find out the patient's condition. ‹#›

18. Do all animals possess a circulatory system? ‹#› No, animals like Hydra and Sponges do not possess a circulatory system. These animals live in water and hence get food and oxygen from the water as it enters their bodies. As the water comes out of their bodies, it takes away the carbon dioxide and waste materials out of it.

19. William Harvey The English physician , William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood ‹#›

20. EXCRETION IN ANIMALS The cells in animals release some waste products as they perform different functions. These waste products are toxic and hence they must be removed from the bodies of the living organisms. The process of removal of waste products produced in the cells of the living organisms is called Excretion. ‹#›

21. EXCRETORY SYSTEM in Human Beings The excretory system is an organ system that helps in the removal of waste material formed inside the body . https://youtu.be/e06HAK35Gys The human excretory system consist of A pair of kidneys A pair of ureters A urinary bladder A urethra ‹#›

22. EXCRETORY SYSTEM Kidneys – there are two organs called Kidneys present in our body. These Kidneys contain blood capillaries that filter out the unwanted substances from the blood in the form of urine. Urinary bladder – The urine produced by the Kidneys is stored in a bladder called urinary bladder. Ureters – There are two tube-like structures which connect the Kidneys and the urinary bladder together. They allow passage of urine from the kidney to the bladder. Urethra – There is a muscular tube through which the urine moves out of the body. ‹#›

23. Dialysis S ometimes a person's kidney may stop working due to the infection or injury . as a result of kidney failure , these products start accumulating in the blood . such persons cannot survive until their blood is filtered periodically through an artificial kidney . this process is called dialysis . ‹#›

24. FACTS An adult human being normally passes about 1- 1.8 L of urine in 24 hours . The urine consist of 95% of water 2.5% of urea and 2.5% of other waste material . The way in which waste chemicals are removed from the body of the animal depends on the availability of water. Fishes and aquatic animals excrete ammonia in the water. Birds, Snakes and lizards excrete semi-solid, white coloured uric acid. ‹#›

25. FACTS How is sweat useful to us? Sweat contains water and some salts and hence help in getting rid of toxic wastes from the body. Also, as the sweat evaporates from our skin, it takes up our body heat and this makes us feel cool, especially during the summer days. ‹#›

26. Transportation in Plants ‹#› Deepa Unnikrishnan

27. Transportation of Water and Minerals ‹#› Deepa Unnikrishnan The roots of the plants absorb the essential minerals and water from the soil. The roots have hair like structures present on them. These hairs increase the surface area of the roots and hence allow more amount of absorption.

28. Transportation of Water and Minerals ‹#› Deepa Unnikrishnan From the roots, the water and minerals are transported to other parts of the plant through special kind of tissues called vascular tissues . There are two vascular tissues present in the plants: Xylem – It is a vascular tissue that is responsible for transporting nutrients and water in the plants. The root cells absorb water and minerals and transport it to xylem. Xylem carries it to other parts unidirectionally without usage of energy. Phloem – It is a vascular tissue that transports the food produced by the leaves to all parts of the plant.

29. Ascent of sap Translocation of nutrients

30. Transportation of Water and Minerals ‹#› Deepa Unnikrishnan

31. Transpiration ‹#› Deepa Unnikrishnan Sometimes not all the water that plants absorb is used by them. Hence, they need to get rid of the excess water in them. This loss of water in plants takes place through the process of transpiration in which the water evaporates in the atmosphere through the stomata present on the leaves.

32. ‹#› Deepa Unnikrishnan

33. Importance of transpiration in plants Transpiration results in absorption of water : As the water from the leaves evaporates, it generates a suction pull in the plants that bring the water from the roots upwards. Transpiration helps in cooling down the plants : ‹#› Deepa Unnikrishnan

34. ‹#› Deepa Unnikrishnan Excretion in plants: Plants excrete waste products from their body. They get rid of their waste product in the following ways: Oxygen are given out during the process of photosynthesis and respiration. The excess water is lost by the plants through transpiration. Some plants excrete their waste product in the form of gums, resins and latex. The substances are of great use as adhesive, paints, varnishes and rubber.