TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS AND CIRCULATION IN ANIMALS.ppt

TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS AND CIRCULATION IN ANIMALS Class X

1. TRANSPORTATION
IN PLANTS
AND
CIRCULATION
IN ANIMALS
07/23/2021

2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
•Multicellularorganismspossessmillionsofcellsintheirbody.
•Everycellneedsaconstantsupplyofessentialsubstanceslike
nutrientsandoxygentomaintainlifeandsurvival.
•Foodistheonlysourceofenergyandeverycellgetsitsenergybythe
breakdownofglucose.Thecellsutilisethisenergyandgovernvarious
vitalactivitiesoflife.
Plants Animals Fungus

3. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Waterabsorbedbytherootshavetoreachentireplantandthe
foodsynthesisedbytheleaveshavetobedistributedtoallthe
partsoftheplant.
Tounderstand-theanatomyoftheplants.
Waterandmineralsaltsabsorbedbytherootsreachallpartsof
theplantthroughthexylem.
Thefoodsynthesizedbytheleavesaretranslocatedtoallparts
oftheplantthroughthephloem.
Thebulkmovementofsubstancesthroughthevasculartissueis
calledTranslocation.

4. 07/23/2021

5. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
‘Transport’meanstocarrythingsfromoneplaceto
another.
(Haveyoueverwonderedhowinanimalstheusefulsubstancesare
transportedtoothercellsandtoxicsubstancesareremoved?)
Inlargerorganismstransportofnutrients,salts,
oxygen,hormonesandwasteproductsaroundthe
bodyareperformedbythe‘Circulatorysystem’.
Thecirculatorysystemconsistsofthecirculatingfluids,
thebloodandlymphandtheheartandblood
vesselswhichformthecollectingandtransporting
system.

6. Means of Transortin PlantsMeans of Transport in Plants
14.1
The transport of materials in and out of the cells is carried out by diffusion
and active transport in plants.

7. 14.1.1 Diffusion
The movementof solid liquid and gaseous molecules
from a region of higher concentration to
a region of their lower concentration
without the utilization of energyis called Diffusion.
This is a passive process.

8. 14.1.2 Active
Transport
Activetransportutilizesenergytopumpmoleculesagainsta
concentrationgradient.
Activetransportiscarriedoutbymembraneboundproteins.
Theseproteinsuseenergytocarrysubstancesacrossthecell
membranehencetheyareoftenreferredtoaspumps.
Thesepumpscantransportsubstancesfromalowconcentrationto
ahighconcentration(‘uphill’transport).

9. 14.1.3 Osmosis
Osmosisisthemovementofsolventorwatermoleculesfromthe
regionofhigherconcentrationtotheregionoflower
concentrationthroughasemi-permeablemembrane.
Thisprocessiscarriedouttillanequilibriumisreached.
Osmosisisthepassivemovementofwateroranyothersolvent
molecules.

10. Some Examples of Osmosis from real Life

11. Plasmolysis
It occurs when a living plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution
water molecule moves out of the cell and resulting in the shrinkage of
protoplasmaway from the cell wall.

12. Imbibition
Imbibitionisatypeofdiffusioninwhichasolidplantmaterial
absorbswaterandgetsswelledup.eg.absorptionofwaterbydry
seedsandgrapes.Ifitwerenotforimbibition,seedlingswouldnot
havebeenabletoemergeoutofthesoil.

13. 14.2 Root Hair-Water Absorbing Unit
There are millions of root hairs on the tip of the root which absorb
water and mineralsby diffusion. Root hairs are thin walled, slender
extension of epidermal cellthat increase the surface area of
absorption.

14. 14.3 Pathway of Water Absorbed by Roots
Oncethewaterenterstheroothairs,theconcentrationofwater
moleculesintheroothaircellsbecomemorethanthatofthecortex.
Thuswaterfromtheroothairmovestothecorticalcellsbyosmosis
andthenreachesthexylem.Fromtherethewateristransportedto
thestemandleaves.

15. 14.4 Types of Movement of
Water into the Root Cells
Once water is absorbed by
the root hairs, it can move
deeper into root layers by
two distinct pathways:
• Apoplast pathway
• Symplast pathway

16. 14.4.1 ApoplastPathway
Theapoplasticmovementofwateroccursexclusivelythroughthe
intercellularspacesandthewallsofthecells.
Apoplasticmovementdoesnotinvolvecrossingthecellmembrane.
Thismovementisdependentonthegradient.

17. 14.4.2 SymplastPathway
In this method, water molecules move to the adjacent cells, through
the plasma membrane, cytoplasmand plasmodesmata. This
method of transport is slowas water moves through plasma
membrane.
It is in accordance to the concentration gradient.

19. •Plants do not have interstitial fluid and circulatory system.
•But they need to move various substances (water, minerals, organic nutrients,
growth regulators etc.) over long distances.
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS

20. Unidirectional transport:
E.g. Transport of water and minerals in
xylem (from roots to stems, leaves etc.).
Multidirectional transport:
E.g. Transport of photosynthates
(organic compounds), transport of
mineral nutrients etc.
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS Direction of transport
Sometimes, plant hormones and other
chemical stimuli are transported in a
polarized or unidirectional manner from
where they are synthesized to other parts.

21. PLANT-WATER
RELATIONS