Treatment_Modalities_Retinal_Diseases_Combined.pptx

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1. Treatment Modalities in Retinal Diseases Integrated Overview with Text and Clinical Images

2. Vitrectomy • Indications: Retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, endophthalmitis • Procedure: Removal of vitreous gel using micro-instruments • Advantages: Clear media, improved access to retina • Complications: Cataract, infection, retinal tears

3. Vitrectomy Procedure

4. Retinal Disorders • Diabetic Retinopathy: Microaneurysms, hemorrhages, neovascularization • Retinal Detachment: Separation of neurosensory retina from RPE • Infective Retinitis: Toxoplasmosis, CMV retinitis • Clinical presentation: Blurring, floaters, photopsia, field loss

5. Retinal Disorder - Fundus Image

6. Retinoblastoma • Malignant intraocular tumor of childhood • Clinical features: Leukocoria, strabismus, decreased vision • Management: Enucleation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, laser therapy • Prognosis: Excellent with early detection

7. Retinoblastoma

8. Plaque Radiotherapy • Indications: Choroidal melanoma, ocular tumors • Technique: Radioactive plaque sutured to sclera near tumor • Advantages: Localized radiation, eye preservation • Complications: Radiation retinopathy, optic neuropathy

9. Plaque Radiotherapy of the Eye

10. Retinal Prosthesis (Bionic Eye) • Device: Argus II prosthesis • Mechanism: Camera → Processing unit → Retinal electrode array • Indications: Advanced retinitis pigmentosa • Benefits: Light perception, object recognition • Limitations: Low resolution, high cost

11. Retinal Prosthesis

12. Summary & Conclusion • Retinal diseases: Major cause of preventable blindness • Advances: Vitrectomy, radiotherapy, prosthesis • Early detection & timely intervention crucial • Future: Gene therapy, stem cell transplantation