Trematode infections of Hepatobiliary system.pptx

Microbiology trematodes Hepatobiliary system parasites

1. Trematoda infections of hepatobiliary system Group-C2

2. Contents Introduction Morphology of liver flukes General life cycle Fascioliasis Clonorchiasis and Opisthorchiasis Prevention of liver fluke infections Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

3. Introduction Liver flukes are trematodes infecting hepatobiliary system Liver flukes includes; Fasciola Clonorchis Opisthorchis

4. Morphology Adult worms are leaf like Flattened body and bilaterally symmetrical Eggs are operculated

5. Life cycle Definitive hosts-human & sheep First intermediate host-snail Second intermediate host-aquatic plants for fasciola and crayfish for clonorchis and opisthorchis Infective form-metacercaria larva

6. Life cycle of fasciola

7. Life cycle of clonorchis and opisthorchis

8. Fascioliasis Caused by Fasciola hepatica Metacercaria larva migrated in hepatobiliary system causes symptoms Clinical features; fever , right hypochondrial pain , hepatomegaly ; biliary duct obstruction and cirrhosis later Does not cause malignancies

9. Liver Rot Liver parenchyma with formation of multiple subcapsular abscesses Marrara syndrome Ingestion of uncooked animals leading to pharyngeal attachment of worms causing pharyngitis and laryngeal Edema

10. Lab diagnosis & Treatment Stool microscopy Shows characteristic large operculated eggs Other diagnostic tests;Elisa , western blot , PCR , Eosinophilia Imaging:CT , USG , MRI Triclabendazole is the DOC

11. Fasciola gigantica It is closely related to fasciola hepatica It is a common parasite of herbivores Human infection is rare Their eggs are morphologically similar to those of Fasciola hepatica but larger in size Other features are similar to Fasciola hepatica

12. Clonorchiasis and Opisthorchiasis Rare in India In chronic infection they cause mechanical obstruction of bile duct leading to; Cholangitis ( dilation and fibrosis of bile duct) Cholangiocarcinoma ( bile duct carcinoma) Hepatocellular carcinoma

13. Diagnosis & Treatment Stool microscopy:characteristics flask shaped eggs( Eggs of clonorchis and opisthorchis are morphologically indistinguishable) PCR & ELISA-antigen or antibody detection Duodenal aspirate microscopy is more sensitive than stool microscopy Praziquantel is the drug of choice

14. Prevention of liver fluke infections Sanitary disposal of sewage Control of snail host Avoidance of consumption of raw water plants and animals

15. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis Hodging of schistosoma eggs in liver and spleen leads to granuloma formation and fibrosis known as “Symmers pipe stem fibrosis” Common organisms; Schistosoma Mansoni & Schistosoma japanicum

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