Tuberculosis

This was prepared by Student of Bsc Nursing.

1. TUBERCULOSIS

2. DEFINITION Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis . It generally affects lungs and other parts of the body . The classic symptoms are chronic cough with blood – containing sputum , fever, night sweats and weight loss .

3. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS AGENT FACTOR – 1) AGENT 2) SOURCE OR INFECTION 3)COMMUNICABILITY HOST FACTORS- 1) AGE 3)HERIDITY 4)NUTRITION 5)IMMUNITY SOCIAL FACTORS.

4. Mode of Transmission Droplet Infection Incubation period 3-6 weeks

5. Signs and symptoms Persistent cough Chest pain Coughing with bloody sputum Shortness of breath Urine discoloration Cloudy and reddish urine Fever with chill Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea and Vomiting Weight loss Night sweats

6. CLASSIFICATION A)PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS Its refers to any bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed case of TB involving the lung parenchyma or tracheobronchial tree. Primary Tuberculosis The infection of an individual who has not been previously infected immunized .It is also called childhood Tuberculosis .

7. Secondary Tuberculosis Infection that the individual who has been previously infected or sensitized is called secondary tuberculosis or chronic tuberculosis . B)EXTRA PULMONARY TUBECULOSIS I t refers to any bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed case of TB involving organ other than Lungs.

8. Affected sites are; Lymph node TB Pleural TB TB of upper airways Genitourinary TB Skeletal TB Gastrointestinal TB TB meningitis and tuberculoma TB Pericarditis Less common extra pulmonary TB

9. Blood test Imaging test Sputum test Tuberculin skin test DIAGNOSIS

10. PREVENTION BCG VACCINE DOSAGE : 0.05ml (below 4 weeks) 0.1ml (standard dose) ROUTE : Intradermal

11. OTHER METHODS : Mask Isolation of patient Regular medical follow up

12. MANAGEMENT DRUG THERAPY : FIRST LINE DRUGS : Isoniazid Rifampin Rifapentine Rifabutin Ethambutol Pyrazinamide

13. SECOND LINE DRUGS : Cycloserine Ethionardine Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Gatifloxacin Streptomycin Amikacin Capreomycin

14. Promoting airway clearance Promoting adherence to treatment regimen Adequate nutrition Promote fluid intake

15. COMPLICATIONS Meningitis Pneumothorax Brochiectasis Septic shock

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