Tuberculosis ( latent and active)

This ppt is about latent tuberculosis and active tuberculosis (IN SHORT)
hope it will be helpful
by shaila robert hameldon

1. Latent and active tuberculosis Done by- group 5a Tbilisi state medical university Shaila Robert hameldon

2. outline What is tuberculosis ? TB infection VS TB diseases Active and latent TB Diagnosis Treatment Latent TB VS  active TB

3. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; which typically affects the lungs. It is a common infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Primary infection, transmitted via airborne aerosol droplet nuclei, is often initially asymptomatic. M. Tuberculosis infection is typically dormant (latent B infection) because of intact innate and cellular immune response. If the immune system is compromised, however, reactivation of the infection may occur and can lead to active TB.

4. There is a difference between TB INFECTION and TB DISEASE It is possible to be infected with TB and not develop TB disease About 10% of people living with TB infection develop TB disease People can progress directly to developing active disease without having a long "latent" period.  [ Latent ] TB infection (LTBi)refers to the period when the immune system is successful in containing the TB and preventing progression to disease The TB bacilli remains encased in a hard shell called a tubercle .  [ Active ] Active TB disease refers to the time when TB is no longer contained by the immune system and causes disease  These were previously thought to be two different disease states now they are thought to be part of a disease spectrum in which latent TB could be early-stage (sub clinical) active TB with a smaller number of bacteria TB INFECTION VS TB DISEASE ​

5. TB infection  progress to active Tb

6. Latent TB

7. Active TB

8. ACTIVE TB SYMPTOMS

9. DIAGNOSIS Interpretation of results  IGRA Positive: TB infection is likely Negative: TB infection is unlikely, but cannot be excluded  Indeterminate: can occur in  immunosuppressed  states, and a repeat  IGRA  or  TST  can be useful [65] TST : Depending on patient characteristics, a  TST  can be positive with an induration > 5 mm, > 10 mm, or > 15 mm. For healthy individuals with no  risk factors , an induration < 15 mm is considered negative for TB. The diagnosis of  LTBI  is based on a positive screening result in patients with a  medical history  and  physical examination  consistent with latent disease, once  active TB  has been excluded. If screening for  LTBI  is positive, it is still necessary to exclude  active TB  prior to starting treatment for  LTBI  because neither  screening test  can differentiate between active and  latent infection . 

10. TREATMENT The primary goal of the treatment of  latent TB  is to prevent reactivation to  active TB . Do not start treatment with a single-drug regimen until  active TB  has been ruled out with negative cultures.  Rifampin  and  rifapentine  are not interchangeable and clinicians and pharmacists should be careful to prescribe and administer the correct drug.      DETAILED REGIMEN      INDICATION SHORT  REGIMENS Once-weekly  isoniazid  PLUS once-weekly  rifapentine  for 3 months (abbreviation: 3HP) PLUS  pyridoxine  (for all individuals at risk of  peripheral neuropathy  from  INH )  Once-daily  rifampin  for 4 months Most patients > 2 years of age Select patients with  HIV / AIDS    HIV negative patients of any age who: Are unable to tolerate  INH OR have been exposed to  INH -resistant TB LONG REGIMENS Once-daily  isoniazid  for 6 months (abbreviation: 6H)  Once-daily  isoniazid  for 9 months (abbreviation: 9H)  PLUS  pyridoxine  (for all individuals at risk of  peripheral neuropathy  from  INH ) Most patients with  HIV Patients of any age with contraindications for  rifamycins  

11. LATENT TB VS ACTIVE TB