Tuberculosis (tttttTB) Presentation.pptx

tuberculosis

1. T U BE R CU L OS I S (TB)

2. OBJECTIVES Wh at i s T u b e rc u l o s i s ( T B)? H ow T B s p rea d s L a t e n t T B I n f e c ti on a n d T B Disease Risk Factors T B T e s ting BCG V a c c ine Treatment

3. W H A T IS T U B E RC U L O S IS (T B )? Caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. TB is preventable and treatable, and not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. Two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal. According to the MDPH TB 5 Year data from 2017-2021, the 5-year average is 8 TB cases in the city of Quincy.

4. HO W TB SP R E A D S TB germs go into the air when someone who is sick with TB disease in the lungs coughs, sneezes, speaks or sings. People who are living, working, or spending a lot of time with this person share the same air. They can breathe in the TB germs and get infected with TB. You cannot get TB from a person with latent TB infection.

5. TB IS NOT SPREAD BY TB germs are spread from person to person by air only

6. LATENT TB INFECTION VS. TB DISEASE Characteristics A pe r s on w i t h L at e nt TB Infection … A pe r s on w i t h TB D ise a s e … Active or Inactive Germs? Ha s a s m al l a m o unt o f TB ger ms i n his / her body that are alive but inactive Ha s a larg e a m o unt o f ac t iv e TB ger ms in his/her body Symptoms? Has no symptoms Has symptoms that may include: A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer C hes t pai n Coughing up blood or sputum Weakness or fatigue Weight loss Loss of appetite Chills Fever Night sweats Sick? Does not feel sick Usually feels sick Spread? C a nn o t sprea d TB b ac t eri a to o t her s Ma y sprea d TB b ac t eri a to o t her s Tests? Usually has a skin test or blood test res u l t i nd ica t i ng TB i n fec t io n Usually has a skin test or blood test res u l t i nd ica t i ng TB i n fec t io n Follow up tests? Has a normal chest x-ray and a negative sputum smear May have an abnormal chest x-ray, or positive sputum smear or culture Treatment? Needs treatment for latent TB infection to pr e ve nt TB d iseas e Needs treatment to treat TB disease

7. RISK F A C T O RS

8. TB T E STING There are two different types of tests for TB infection, a blood test and a skin test. With a blood test, a small amount of your blood is taken for the test. With a TST skin test, a small amount of fluid is placed under the skin of the forearm and requires two visits. If your TB test is positive, it means that you have TB germs, and your doctor may order follow-up chest X-ray and a sputum smear/culture to be sure you are not sick with TB disease.

9. WHAT IS BACILLE CALMETTE–GUÈRIN ( B C G ) V A C C INE? BCG is a vaccine against TB that is given in countries where TB is common. It can help prevent infants and small children from getting sick with TB disease. At best BCG protects children for up to 5 years. Sometimes it does not protect against TB at all. It is rarely used in the United States.

10. TREATMENT FOR L A T E NT T B IN FE C T I ON P eo ple wi t h la ten t TB i nfect i on Should take medicine to prevent the d e ve l o p men t o f TB d i s e a s e , e ve n t h o u gh t h e y don’t feel sick. Treatment is highly recommended for people who ha v e a high e r ri s k o f d e ve l o pi n g TB d i s e a s e onc e t h e y ha v e TB i nfect i on. This includes people with HIV infection, people who were recently exposed to s o m eon e wi t h TB d i s e a s e , a n d p eo ple wi th certain medical conditions such as substance u s e r s , d ia b ete s , R A , a n d C roh n ’ s d i s e a s e .

11. T R E A T MENT FO R TB DISEASE P e o ple w ith TB dise a se Can pass TB germs to their family, friends, an d o t h ers a r o u n d t h em if t h e y d on ’t t a k e TB medicine the right way. P e o ple w ith TB dise a se n ee d to t a k e s e ver a l medicines when they start treatment. Af ter t a ki n g TB medi c i n e fo r s e ver a l w eeks, an d m o st pe o ple t a k e TB medi c i n e fo r a t least 6 months to be cured. A d oc t o r w ill b e a bl e to t el l TB p a tie n ts w h en t h e y a re n o l on ger a ble to spre a d TB germs to others. People may undergo direct observation therapy (DOT) to make sure that the medicine is being taken correctly and is working effectively.

12. RESOURCES https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/faqs/default.htm https://www.mass.gov/service-details/tuberculosis https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general /tb.htm

13. T H A N K Y O U F O R Y O U R P A R TI C I P A TI O N !