Tute 01 - Introduction to Laboratory Equipment.pptx

Introduction to Electrical Laboratory Equipment

1. Introduction to Laboratory Equipment Dr. Nimsiri Abhayasinghe / Ms. T. Subashini De Silva| EC1021

2. Laboratory Equipment Laboratory equipment are necessary to take measurements, to analyze the behavior of circuits and etc. Among those the main laboratory equipment will be use in this module are; Digital Power Supply Function Generator Digital Oscilloscope Digital Multimeter

3. Digital Power Supply (M10-QD302)

4. Main Features 2 adjustable channel outputs 0-30 V Linear voltage and current output display Current output protection Auto tracking output Auto parallel or series connection Doubling voltage with series connection Doubling current with parallel connection **For more information refer the user manual uploaded (M10-QD302_User_Manual.pdf)

5. Channel 1 (CH1) Voltage Knob Channel 1 voltage and current display Channel 2 voltage and current display Short circuit indicator Channel 1 (CH1) Current Knob Channel 2 (CH2) Voltage Knob Channel 2 (CH2) Current Knob Power On/OFF button Probes Output ON/OFF button Tracking Mode s election buttons Short circuit indicator Output level indicator Chasee ground connector

6. Mode Selection Independent Mode 2. Series Tracking Mode In this mode CH1 and CH2 is two independent power supply unit, voltage or current can be adjusted separately. Adjust CH1 or CH2 voltage/current knob to set the desired value. In this mode CH2 output voltage and current follows CH1 setting. The output voltage is doubled to the CH1 display. Turn CH2 current knob to its maximum point, and then use CH1 current knob to adjust the desired current output value. Use the CH1 voltage knob to adjust the output voltage value.

7. 3. Parallel Tracking Mode In this mode CH2 output voltage and current follows CH1 setting . The output current is doubled to the CH1 display value. Use CH1 voltage knob to adjust the output voltage value. Use CH1 current knob to adjust the current output value.

8. Function Generator (SFG – 2110)

9. Main Features Frequency range – 10 MHz Resolution maintained at full range– 100 mHz Available output waveforms – Sine, Square and Triangle TTL/CMOS output Variable DC offset control AM/FM with internal and external Sweep mode with LINE and LOG **For more information refer the user manual uploaded (SFG-2000_2100_User_Manual.pdf)

10. Digital Display Button to select the modes indicated in blue Buttons to select the frequency range Editing knob Adjust the Frequency / Duty cycle Power On/OFF button Waveform selection key Probe ( Red color – positive terminal Black color – negative terminal) Cursor key Moves the editing point left or right DC offset control Amplitude/Attenuation control → to select volt values → to select mili volt values CMOS Amplitude control Sweep speed control Sweep Span Control

11. Digital Oscilloscope (DSO1052B)

12. Main Features **For more information refer the user manual uploaded (Agilent 1000B Series Oscilloscopes_User's_Guide ) Bandwidth 50 MHz Channels 2 Max Memory Depth 16 kpts Max Sample Rate 1 GSa/s Display Size 5.7 inch Waveform Update Rate 400 wfms/s ADC Bits 8 bits Remote Programming  No Operating System Embedded Real-Time Yes

13. Oscilloscope Display

14. Digital Multimeter (TENMA 72-1016)

15. Main Features Maximum Display – Digital 5999 Auto Display the polarity Input impedance (for both DC and AC votage measurements): At 600 mV range – around > 3000 M Ω At all other ranges – around 10 M Ω DC/AC voltage range: 600 mV – 1000 V DC/AC current range: 0.1 µA – 10 A Resistance range: 600 Ω - 60M Ω Capacitance range: 6 nF – 6 mF Frequency range: 6 kHz – 60 MHz Continuity test Diode Test **For more information refer the user manual uploaded (TENMA 72-1016 Operating Manual)

16. AC or DC Ground Double Insulated Warning. Refer to the Operating Manual Low Battery Continuity Test Diode Capacitance Test Fuse Conforms to Standards of European Union International Electrical Symbols

17. LCD Display Rotary Switch Functional Buttons Probes Input Terminals

18. Rotary Switch Rotary switch position Function AC and DC voltage measurement Continuity test Diode test Resistance measurement Cappacitance test Frequency Measurement Temperature in Fahrenheit Temperature in Celsius Transistor Test AC or DC current measurement range 0.1 µA to 5999 µA AC or DC current measurement range 0.01 mA to 599.9 mA AC or DC current measurement range 0.01 A to 10.00 A

19. Functional Buttons Button Operation performed Power Turn the power on and off LIGHT Turn on/off the display backlight SELECT Switches between AC and DC measurement Switches between continuity, diode and resistance measurement Switches between frequency and Fahrenheit temperature HOLD Enter and exit the hold mode RANGE Switch between the manual and auto ranging RS232C Turn on/off the serial port interface without changing the original setting MAX MIN Starts recording the maximum and minimum values AC AC+DC Select AC or AC+DC measurement

20. Measuring voltage and current using the multimeter To measure the voltage, connect the multimeter in parallel with the circuit or desired component as shown in above. When measuring the voltage, multimeter To measure the current, connect the multimeter in series with the circuit or desired component as shown in above.

21. Loading effect of voltmeter and ammeter Voltmeter Loading Effect The loading effect of a voltmeter will be minimal value if the meter resistance is having a much larger resistance value compared to the resistance of the circuit to be measured. An deal voltmeter is having an infinite resistance. Hence the loading effect of an ideal voltmeter is assumed to be zero. E.g.: Theoretical Value = 6 V Measured Value = 5.714 V Internal Resistance = 10 M Ω

22. Ammeter Loading Effect The loading effect of an ammeter will be minimal if the meter resistance is having a much smaller resistance value compared to the resistance of the circuit to be measured. An deal ammeter is having a zero resistance . Hence the loading effect of an ideal ammeter is assumed to be zero. E.g.: Theoretical Value = 12 A Measured Value = 8 A Internal Resistance = 500 m Ω

23. *** If the internal resistance of an ammeter is r and a voltmeter is R , select the proper connections of the voltmeter and the ammeter when , r << R L << R r ≈ R L << R R L R L