TYPES OF BIASES AND PREJUDICES_ENGLISH 9

TYPES OF BIASES AND PREJUDICES_ENGLISH 9

1. TYPES OF BIASES TYPES OF PREJUDICES

2. OBJECTIVES: recall bias and prejudice; cite examples of bias and prejudice; identify the types of biases and prejudices; and define and give examples for each.

3. CONFIRMATION BIAS Tendency to listen more often to information that confirms our existing beliefs.  Only following people on social media who share your viewpoints. Choosing news sources that present stories that support your views.

4. CONFIRMATION BIAS

5. HINDSIGHT BIAS T endency to see events, even random ones, as more predictable than they are. C ommonly referred to as the "I knew it all along“.

6. HINDSIGHT BIAS

7. ANCHORING BIAS Tendency to be overly influenced by the first piece of information that we hear .

8. ANCHORING BIAS

9. MISINFORMATION EFFECT T endency for memories to be heavily influenced by things that happened after the actual event itself.

10. Misinformation effect

11. Actor-Observer Bias Tendency to attribute our actions to external influences and other people's actions to internal ones.

12. Actor-Observer Bias When it's happening to you, it's outside of your control, but when it's happening to someone else, it's all their fault.

13. Actor-Observer Bias

14. FALSE CONSENSUS BIAS Tendency people have to overestimate how much other people agree with their own beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and values.

15. False Consensus Effect

16. HALO EFFECT Tendency for an initial impression of a person to influence what we think of them overall.

17. HALO EFFECT

18. Self-Serving Bias Tendency for people tend to give themselves credit for successes but lay the blame for failures on outside causes.

19. SELF-SERVING BIAS

20. Availability Heuristic The tendency to estimate the probability of something happening based on how many examples readily come to mind.

21. Availability Heuristic

22. Optimism Bias T endency to overestimate the likelihood that good things will happen to us while underestimating the probability that negative events will impact our lives.

23. Optimism Bias

24. TYPES OF PREJUDICES

25. RACISM Racism   is prejudice and discrimination against an individual based solely on the individual’s membership in a specific racial group (such as toward African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, European Americans).

26. SEXISM Sexism is prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based on their sex. Typically, sexism takes the form of men holding biases against women, but either sex can show sexism toward their own or their opposite sex. Common forms of sexism in modern society include gender role expectations, such as expecting women to be the caretakers of the household.

27. AGEISM People often form judgments and hold expectations about people based on their age. These judgments and expectations can lead to ageism, or prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their age.

28. HOMOPHOBIA Negative feelings often result in discrimination, such as the exclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ( LGBT ) people from social groups and the avoidance of LGBT neighbors and co-workers. This discrimination also extends to employers deliberately declining to hire qualified LGBT job applicants.