Types of Capacitors

This is small Power point presentation about different types of capacitors. It deals with different applications of different capacitors.This ppt has some important classification of different capacitors

1. Types of Capacitors

2. Types of Capacitors A  capacitor  (formerly known as a  condenser , and prior to that known as a  perm ittor )   is a  passive   two-terminal   electrical component that stores  electric energy  in an  electric field . The forms, styles, and materials of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two  electrical conductors  (called "plates") separated by an  insulating  layer (called the  dielectric ). Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits  in many common electrical devices.

3. Classifications of capacitors Non polarized capacitors Polarized capacitors C eramic capacitor Film capacitors Super capacitors Electrolytic capacitors

4. Obsolete capacitors L yden jar silver mica capacitors Vacuum capacitor with uranium glass encapsulation

5. Ceramic capacitors Ceramic capacitor  is a fixed value  capacitor  in which ceramic material acts as the  dielectric . It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of  ceramic  and a  metal  layer acting as the  electrodes .  T ype s of ceramic Capacitors C lass 1 Class 2

6. C eramic capcitor types Ceramic disc capacitor  Multilayer ceramic chip capacitor (MLCC) High voltage ceramic power capacitor

7. Electrolytic capacitors Electrolytic capacitors  have a metallic anode covered with an oxidized layer used as dielectric. The second electrode is a non-solid (wet) or solid electrolyte. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized. Categorized into three types Aluminium electrolytic capacitors Tantalum electrolytic capacitors Niobium electrolytic capacitors

8. Electrolytic capacitor types Axial, radial (single ended) and V-chip styles   Snap-in style Tantalum electrolytic chip capacitors  

9. Supercapacitors S upercapacitors (SC ) ,  comprise a family of  electrochemical   capacitors . Super capacitor , sometimes called  ultra capacitor  is a generic term for  electric double-layer capacitors  (EDLC),  pseudo capacitors  and hybrid capacitors Double-layer capacitance  – Storage is achieved by separation of charge in a  Helmholtz   double layer  at the  interface  between the surface of a conductor and an electrolytic solution. The distance of separation of charge in a double-layer is on the order of a few Angstroms  (0.3–0.8  nm ). This storage is  electrostatic  in origin Pseudocapacitance  – Storage is achieved by  redox reactions , electrosorbtion or  intercalation  on the surface of the electrode or by specifically adsorpted   ions  that results in a reversible  faradaic   charge-transfer . The pseudocapacitance is faradaic in origin

10. Supercapacitors Supercapacitors are divided into three families, based o n the design of the electrodes : Double-layer capacitors  – with  carbon  electrodes or derivat iv es with much higher static double-layer capacitance than the faradaic pseudocapacitance Pseudocapacitors  – with electrodes out of metal oxides or conducting polymers with a high amount of faradaic pseudocapacitance Hybrid capacitors  – capacitors with special and asymmetric electrodes that exhibit both significant double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance , such as  lithium-ion capacitors

11. Super capacitors types Double-layer capacitor   Radial (single ended) style of lithium ion capacitors C ylindrical Supercapacitors

12. Variable capacitors Variable capacitors  may have their capacitance changed by mechanical motion. Generally two versions of variable capacitors has to be to distinguished Tuning capacitor – variable capacitor for intentionally and repeatedly tuning an oscillator circuit in a radio or another tuned circuit Trimmer capacitor – small variable capacitor usually for one-time oscillator circuit internal adjustment

13. Variable capacitors types Air gap tuning capacitor Vacuum tuning capacitor Trimmer capacitor

14. Polymer capacitors A  polymer capacitor , or more accurate a  polymer electrolytic capacitor  is an  electrolytic capacitor  (e-cap) with a solid  electrolyte  of a  conductive polymer . There are three different types: Polymer  tantalum electrolytic capacitor  (Polymer Ta-e-cap) Polymer  aluminum electrolytic capacitor  (Polymer Al-e-cap) Hybrid polymer capacitor (Hybrid polymer Al-e-cap )

15. Types of polymer capacitors OS-CON capacitors  Rectangular SMD chips Cylindrical style SMD

16. Power Film capacitors   Film power capacitors mostly use polypropylene film as the dielectric. Other types include metallized paper capacitors (MP capacitors) and mixed dielectric film capacitors with polypropylene dielectrics . . MP capacitors serve for cost applications and as field-free carrier electrodes (soggy foil capacitors) for high AC or high current pulse loads

17. Film power capacitor types cylindrical metal can Rectangular power capacitor storage power film capacitor banks

18. Film capacitors Film capacitors  or plastic film capacitors are non-polarized capacitors with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric. The dielectric films are drawn to a thin layer, provided with metallic electrodes and wound into a cylindrical winding. The electrodes of film capacitors may be metallized aluminum or zinc, applied on one or both sides of the plastic film, resulting in metallized film capacitors or a separate metallic foil overlying the film, called film/foil capacitors.

19. Film capacitors types Radial style (single ended ) SMD style Heavy-duty snu bber capacitor  

20. typical applications of film capacitors for use in electronic equipment

21. Applications