TYPES OF CELL somnath.pptx

this PPT describe the types of cell.

1. TYPES OF CELL By SOMNATH GHOSH BACHELOR OF PHARMACY BHARAT TECHNOLOGY ULUBERIA, HOWRAH, WEST BENGAL

2. CONTENTS Definition Of Cell An Overview Of Cell(Architecture Of Cells) Types Of Cell Prokaryotic Cell Mesokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Unicellular organism Multicellular organisms Plant cell Animal cell

3. Definition - Cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of living beings which consists of a membrane covered mass of protoplasm. Cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. Cytology (kytos-cell, logos-study) is the study of form and structure of cells as well as their organelles with the help of microscopes.

4. An Overview of Cell A typical cell possesses three major elements- outer envelop, genetic material and cytoplasm. Outer Envelope- A cell is surrounded by an outer membrane called plasma membrane or Plasmalemma . It isolates the cell interior. A distinct cell wall lies on its outside in plant cells . Cytoplasm- It is semifluid matrix that occupies the interior of cell between nuclear region and outer envelope. Cytoplasm is the area of major cellular or life activities which keep the cell in the living state. Genetic Material- It represents hereditary material that not only controls the functioning of the cell but also contains information for forming the whole organism. Genetic material is DNA . In eukaryotes it is enclosed inside the nucleus as chromatin material. The latter appears as chromosomes during cell division. In prokaryotes, the genetic material lies freely inside the cytoplasm as coiled up structure called nucleoid. Outer envelope Genetic material Cytoplasm

5. Types of Cell:- Unicellular Multicellular Plant Animal

6. Prokaryotic cell Mesokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell A prokaryotic cell is the one which has single envelope system lacking membrane bound cell organelles and a true nucleus that is replaced by a nucleoid made of supercoiled DNA molecule without association with histone proteins. Examples :- Bacteria ,cyan-bacteria (blue green algae), etc. Mesokaryotic cells are the organisms Eukaryotic cell is the one which in between the nucleoid of the pro- possesses a true nucleus and two karyotes and eukaryotes and their envelope organisation. nucleus do not contain histone proteins instead a new family of proteins called Examples:- Protista, fungi, metazoa viral nucleoproteins. ( animals) and metaphyta (plants ) Examples:- Dinoflagellates, protozoa etc. ( Noctiulea ), marine algae ( Gymnodium , Peridium ) etc.

7. Unicellular Multicellular Unicellular organisms are organisms consisting of one cell only that performs all vital functions. Examples:- Bacteria, unicellular fungi, and unicellular protists. Multicellular organisms are organisms that have or consist of many cells or more than one cell to perform all vital functions. Examples:- Humans, animals, and plants.

8. Animal cell Plant cell Animal cells are the basic structural and functional unit of a animal. They are the eukaryotic cells having a membrane-bound organelles suspended in the cytoplasm enveloped by a plasma membrane. Animal cell contains many small vacuoles. Nucleus is usually round. Cell division generally occurs by cleavage method. Examples:- Skin cells, blood cells, nerve cells Plant cells are the basic structural and functional unit of a plant. They are the eukaryotic cells having a membrane-bound nucleus, plastid, rigid cell wall and other cell organelles. Plant cell has a large central vacuole. Nucleus is commonly oval in outline. Cell division generally occurs by cell plate method . Examples:- Collenchyma , parenchyma cells