TYPES OF ENZYME AND IT'S CLASSIFICATION WITH EXAMPLE

This PPT contains detailed explanation about " TYPES OF ENZYME "

1. ENZYMES   PRESENTED BY -  B.PHARM  4th SEMESTER SEC-B  

2. PRESENTED BY -   NANDITA SARMA  (51) NITUPAN KALITA  (58) PARISHMITA BAISHYA  (61) PUSTAK KALITA  (71) RAJASHREE SARMA  (74) SATABDI GOGOI  (85) SUKI PATHAK  (90)

3. CONTENT   Introduction  Classification of enzymes  Properties of enzymes  Proteolytic enzymes               1. Pepsin                2. Papain                3. Serratiopeptidase                 4. Bromelain     Application of enzymes      

4. INTRODUCTION Defination  :- Enzymes are the protein which act as biological catalysts in many complex chemical reaction of organism . Enzymes are found in combination with Inorganic or Organic substance that have an important part in the catelytic action .          Enzymes shows max. Activity at 35-40 degree C .  

5. CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES    On the basis of activity , the enzymes can be classified into following categories :-  

6. Oxidoreductases Enzymes which involved in Oxidation-Reduction reaction are known as Oxidoreductases.       e.g - Alcohol Dehydrogenase.

7. Transferase Enzymes involved in transfer of groupes  , from one molecule to another are known as Transferase .       e.g -  Hexokinase

8. Hydrolase Enzymes that bring about hydrolysis by addition of water are known as H ydrolase .       e.g - Lipase  

9. Lyases Enzymes that catalyse the breaking of a chemical bond through means not involving hydrolysis , and forms double bond  .       e.g - Fumarase 

10. Isomerase   Enzymes involved in all kind of isomerisation reaction are known as Isomerase .       e.g - Phophohexose .  

11. Ligases Enzymes catalyzing the joining of two molecules with hydrolysis of ATP are known as Ligases .      e.g - Glutamine Synthetase .

12. On the basis of site of action , the enzymes can be classified into two groupes : -

13. Endoenzymes These enzymes act inside the cells also called Intracellular Enzymes . These enzymes are responsible for synthesis of cell components , production of energy and metabolism .         e.g - Synthetase , Isomerase  etc .  

14. Exoenzymes   They act outside the cell called extracellular enzymes . These enzymes are digestive in their function i.e. breakdown of complex molecule into small unit .      e.g - Proteases , Lypases   etc . 

15. PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES   Enzymes are sensitive to heat and are denaturated by excess heat or cold . Enzymes are sensitive to pH , the rate at which they can conduct reaction is dependent upon the pH of where the reaction is taking place .  Enzymes are reusable and some enzymes are capable of catalyzing many hundreds or thousands of reactions . 

16. PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES .

17. PAPAIN It is a digestive enzyme which is found in papaya. It functions optimally at a slightly acidic to neural pH range, typically around pH 6-7. It is sensitive to high temperatures and can be denatured at temperatures above 60 degree Celsius. Biological Sources : It is obtained from latex of unripe fruits of Carica papaya. It can be also be extracted from the stems and roots of papaya tree. Commercially, papain is obtained through extraction processes from these biological sources for various industrial and medicinal applications . Properties :

18. Identification : It decolourises aqueous potassium permanganate solutions. It causes curdling of milk(Prototypic activity). Preparation : For processing of papain,the latex of these fruits is collected in aluminium trays. To the collected latex,potassium metabisulphite(5g/kg of latex) is added. The extraneous matter is cleared out by passing through sieves and latex is dried at 55-60 degree Celsius. It is also prepared by spary -drying method.This dried latex is called papain.

19. Medicinal Uses : It is used in clarification of beverages and as a meat tenderizer. It is employed in cheese manufacture as a substitute of rennin. It is also used for degumming of skil fabrics in textile industry and in leather industry for removing hairs of skins and hides. Medicinally, it is used as an anti-inflammatory agent and has shown relieving symptons of episiotomy.

20. SERRATIOPEPTIDASE It is very much vulnerable to degradation in the acidic pH. When consumed in unprotected tablet or capsule ,it is destroyed by acid in stomach. However enteric coated tablets facilitate its absorption through intestine . Biological Sources : It is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from nonpathogenic enterobacteria Serratia E 15. It is also produced by the larval form of the silk moth. Properties :

21. Identification : It can be identified using various methods such as Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC), and Spectroscopic Techniques like UV-vis and IR Spectroscopy. These methods are commonly employed in pharmaceutical analysis to ensure the quality and purity of Serratiopeptidase products. Preparation : It is produced by fermentation technology by using nonpathogenic enterobacteria species such as Serratia E15. The larvae of silk moth produce this enzyme in their intestine to break down cocoon walls. It can thus be obtained from the silk moth laravae .

22. Medicinal Uses : Serratiopeptidase is the most widely prescribed anti-inflammatory enzyme in developed countries and also in India. It eliminates inflammatory oedema and swelling, accelerate liquefaction of pus and sputum, and enhance the action of antibodies. It is used as a fast wound healing agent.

23. BROMELAIN It is incompletely soluble in water. It is obtained from the fruit acidic in nature while that derived from the stem tissues is a basic protein. Biological Sources : It is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes isolated from the juice of Ananas comosus,pineapple , family Bromeliaceae . It is found in pineapple fruit juice and stem. It is propagated through suckers, slips,and crowns. Properties :

24. Identification : The most common test for identification bromelain, an enzyme found in pineapples,involves using Gel Electrophoresis. This technique separate proteins based on their size and charge,allowing for the detection and characterization of bromelain. Additionally,specific antibody-based assays can also be employed for accurate identification and quantification of bromelain in samples . Preparation : It involves grinding the pineapples parts to release the enzyme-rich juice. This juice is filtered to remove insoluble material. After filtration,bromelain -containing solution is concentrated and purified using techniques like precipitation.Finally,purified bromelain is dried to produce a powder or stored in a suitable form of applications like dietary supplements.

25. Medicinal Uses : Angina Cancer Arthritis Bronchitis Digestive Disorder

26. PEPSIN It is an endopeptidase enzyme. It is buff coloured or white coloured amorphous powder. It has little acidic or saline taste with slightly meaty odour . Biological Sources : It is the enzyme prepared from the mucous membrane of the stomach of various animals like pig,sheep or calf. The commonly used species of pig is Sus Scrofa Linn , belonging to family suidae . Properties :

27. Identification : Based on the protetolytic action on it. Coagulate egg albumin digesgested with a pepsin solution and residue albumin tested with the refrence . Medicinal Uses : Digestion of antibodies. Preparation of collagen for cosmeceutical purposes. Assessment of digestibility of proteins in food chemistry. Preparation : Mucous membrane is scraped from stomach and place in acidified water at 37 degree Celsius for 2 hrs. Filtered and sodium or ammonium salt till it become half saturated. Ppts by addition of alcohol collect it,dried it.

28. Applications of enzymes

29. THANK YOU