Types of Flooring

Types of flooring , material, construction technique and effective cost. #Puneet chhonker Mo. 7455006961

1. ASSIGNMENT - 07 BUILDING CONST. IV TOPIC : FLOORING SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO: ->PUNEET CHHONKER ->B.ARCH 3 rd YR , 5 th SEM. -> Ar. SURJEET SINGH

2. CONTENT SR.NO. TITLE. DEFINATION TYPES OF FLOORING P.C.C FLOORING CONSTRUCTION OF PCC FLOORING P.V.C. FLOORING INSTALLATION OF P.VC. PRECAUTIONS TILES INSTALLATION OF TILES WOODEN FLOORING STONE FLOORING TERRAZO FLOORING BRICK FLOORING GLASS FLOORING PRE CAST PAVING

3. Flo o ring is the gen e r a l term for a pe r manent c o vering of a f loo r , or for the wo r k of installing su c h a f loor covering. Bo t h t e r ms a r e u s ed inter c han g e a bly but floor c o vering r e fers more to loo s e - laid material s . Floor covering is a term to generally describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Materials almost always classified as floor covering include carp et area rugs, and resilient flooring such as linoleum or vinyl floorin g . Materials commonly called flooring i ncl ude wood flooring, laminated wood, ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo, and various seamless chemical floor coatings. STEPS OF FLOORING BASE - Lay Base Coat Of 100 Mm Thick In The Ratio Of Cement Concrete 1:8:16 ( 1 Part Of Cement, 8 Parts Of Fine Sand And16 Parts Of Brick Blast) Or 1:4:8 On Compacted Earth Under The Floor. The base is same for all types of floors. FINSHING- Then finishing of the floor is carried on, for different flooring materials . As we will discuss here the brick and stone finishing of terrazzo, cement concrete floor . TYPES OF FLOORING PCC FLOORING PVC FLOORING WOODEN FLOORING STONE FLOORING BRICK FLOORING GLASS FLOOFING FLOORING

4. PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE FLOORING Used for residential, commercial and industrial building. The floor consists of two components – The two components of the floor can be constructed either monolithically or non-monolithically. Base course may be 7.5 to 10 cm thick. It may be either in lean cement concrete (1 : 3 : 6 or 1 : 5 : 10) or lime concrete containing 40% mortar of 1 : 2 lime-sand and 60% coarse aggregate. The topping is then laid in square or rectangular panels of size 1X1 or 2X2 or 1X2 m. It consists of 1 : 2 : 4 cement concrete. CONSTRUCTION OF CEMENT CONCRETE FLOOR First properly compact the earth in the plinth. While compacting, care has to be taken that a proper slope as required for the floor is provided. Over this compacted earth filling, uniformly spread a layer of clean coarse sand about 10 to 15 cm thick. A base concrete of grade M10 (1 cement : 3 sand : 6 coarse aggregate) is then laid over the sand layer in the required slope and tamped properly. The thickness of base concrete is generally 100 mm. Level the top of the base concrete and left it to set and harden. Thoroughly clean the surface upon hardening. Divide the top of the floor into panels, rectangular or square in shape, by using glass or other strips. The area of the panels should preferably less than 2 square meters. After completion of the paneling , moist the top of the base concrete and apply cement slurry on it. Over this cement slurry, provide a layer of cement concrete of grade M15 (1 cement : 2 sand : 4 coarse aggregate) of required thickness (say 40 mm). Tamp the top surface thoroughly to compact it and use wooden floats to obtain a smooth surface. The surface so obtained is cured for about 10 days before putting it to use

5. Vinyl composition tile (VCT) is a finished flooring material used primarily in commercial and institutional applications. Vinyl tiles are composed of colored vinyl chips formed into solid sheets of varying thicknesses (1/8” is most common) by heat and pressure and cut into 12” squares. T i l es are app l i e d to a s m ooth, l e v e l e d su b -floor u s ing a s p e c i a l l y for m ul a t e d vin y l adhesive th a t re m a i ns t a cky but does not co m pl e t e ly dr y . Tiles are typically waxed and buffed using special materials. This flooring product is m o s t l y used in I N TE R I O R W ork and a l so p h oto l a b o rit e s, a i r p o r t, d r g. Ro o m , be d r o o m , o f fices water p r o o f u s ed in bathr o o m s. MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE JOB PVC OR VINYL FLOORING Vinyl tiles Adhesive Trowel Tape measure Utility knife Self-leveling compound Roller Hammer Chalk line

6. INSTALLING VINYL FLOOR Vinyl floor tiles one of the most versatile floors available . It is quiet and warm underfoot, easy to clean like other hard surfaces. It is great around water easy in installing. Step 1- Measure the Floor Step 2- Prepare the Room Step 3- Center the Tile Step 4- Cut to Fit Step 5- Finish Up INSTALLATION STEPS PVC FLOORING BENEFITS One of the main benefits of vinyl flooring is that it is easy to install and cost effective and durable as well. The maintenance cost as well as effort is quite low. Vinyl flooring is that it is water resistant and provides a great support to the feet. It is attractive in appearance. This t y pe of flo o ri n g is q u i c k to insta l l and re p l a ce, so you can cha n ge it as and w h en you so desire, with o ut m uch di f ficu l ty. Because of the wide variety available in the market today, you can choose any products. You can indulge in regular vacuuming of your vinyl floor, to keep it free of dirt. Using a polish, which has been specifically made for such type of flooring, Do not use any abrasive scrubbing tools for cleaning a vinyl floor Never ever use detergents PRECAUTIONS

7. M il es a r e of t en u s e d t o f orm w all or floor c o v er i n g s , and c an r a n g e f r om simple s q u a r e t i l es t o c ompl e x mosaics . Tiles are most often made from ceramic with a hard glaze finish , but other materials are also commonly used as such glass, marble , granite , slate and reformed ceramic slurry. CEREMIC TILE VETIFIED TILES PORCELAIN TILE TILES CONSTRUCTION/INSTALLATION Remove any baseboards and shoe molding. Level the subfloor and install the underlayment. Sp r ead the ad h e s i v e wi t h the s mooth s i de of the t r ow el. Ma k e s u r e it c o v e r s the a r ea ev e n l y and do e s not co v er y our r e f e r e n c e li n e s. Lightly press and twist the ceramic when setting to make sure the adhesive sticks. Don't push so hard that the adhesive is forced out from under the ceramic. Once a row is in place, level the tile with a rubber mallet and level. Grouting and f inishing Touches Types of tiles:

8. STONE FLOORING MARBLE V ariety of marble available is tremendous: Albeta , Dungri , Aranga , Kumari , Chak dungri . Costliest and best marble is the Makrana white: Very soft, snow white and high quality finishing. Chittor brown, Jaisalmer Yellow, Udaipur green, Baroda green, Teak Grain marble, Banswana. White base marble price ranges from Rs.30/- to Rs.400/- sq. ft. GRANITE Many types and colors of granite. Durable and natural with visible coarse grains. Expensive as compares to marble. lip resistant. ardest type of stone- very difficult to cut and polish Once polished gives a mirror finish Can resist a lot of wear and tear. Available in 20 mm thick slabs and 9 mm thick tiles. Places in India – Rajasthan, Jhansi, Black granite from Bangalore R e s i s t a n t t o w earin g , dis c o l or i ng or f adin g . Rugged and rustic yet cool and charming Easily washable with water and soap. Less expensive than good marble. SLATE

9. Kota stones are fine-grained naturally available limestone. Quarried at Kota district of Rajasthan, India, it is one of the most preferred building stone for exteriors, driveways, pathways, corridors, balconies, etc. It also finds its application in flooring of chemical industries for its inertness towards a large number of chemicals. ADVANTAGES Kota Stones have wide application in exterior works for its non-porous, non-absorbent, tough and homogenous properties and is an excellent building stones for both humid and freezing regions. Availability of the stones in slab and tile form makes it convenient to achieve different pattern of flooring . DISADVANTAGES Unlike granite or marble Kota stone slabs are not available in bigger sizes. This is because of its fragile nature. On a longer run Kota stones flakes out. However if well maintained and polished regularly the flaking of stones can be intercepted to a greater extent. The finished surface is not as glossy or luminous as that of marble and granite INSTALLATION Ensure that the tiles are of regular shape Base mortar 1:5 or 1:6 with low water cement ratio. Min. thickness of base mortar is 25mm Fix the marble tiles temporarily then press it using wooden handle of the hammer to bring them in a level. After fixing them in pattern remove the tiles and spread white cement slurry(2:1) and refix the tiles. Press with wooden handle. Fill up joints with white cement. First grinding min. after 5 days of fixing. Apply white cement slurry over marble floor after first grinding and cure for a day. Minimum 3 grindings required . KOTA AND SANDSTONE

10. TERRAZZO FLOORING Terrazzo  is a composite material, poured in place or precast, which is used for floor and wall treatments. It consists of chips of  marble ,  quartz ,  granite ,  glass , or other suitable material, poured with a  cementitious  binder (for chemical binding),  polymeric  (for physical binding), or a combination of both. Terrazzo is a concrete surface with special aggregate of marble chips(or other decorative material) mixed with white or colored cement in proportion of 3:1(three marble chips : one cement). CONSTRUCTION METHOD Terrazzo is concrete containing marble chipping as an aggregate. Terrazzo mixture is made up of cement and marble chips in different proportions. First of all, a concrete bed is formed as a base course which is covered by tarred paper. Over this, a layer of rich mortar is spread. This mortar bedding is struck off about 1 to 1.5 cm below the finished floor level. After that metal dividing strips of 20 gauges in thickness are inserted into the mortar base and the terrazzo covering. After the mortar base has hardened the terrazzo mixture is placed at the top level of the dividing strips. After the terrazzo mixture has hardened the surface is ground by hand or by a machine. After cutting we use waxing for glazing floor. STEPS OF CONSTRUCTION Terrazzo flooring  consists of (1) Concrete bed, (2) Mortar bed, 1 cm of cement mortar (cement sand mixture 1:3), (3) Metal strips, (4) Marble cheeps 3 to 6mm.

11. BRICK FLOORING Brick products have been used for many centuries throughout the world for applications such as roa ds, flooring, monuments, side walks and building structures . Bricks are considered to be the oldest manufactured building material that has been trusted throughout history because of its durability, versatility and practical attributes. Here in india standard size of brick is used in flooring which is used in wall construction. SOME PATTERNS FOR BRICK FLOORING ADVANTAGES There are various reasons for the benefits that brick flooring products provide in visual terms, their strength and ability and their practical purposes. Here are some of the benefits of brick flooring provide when used as paving. They provide elegance and character with the old world look rustic charm They are fade resistant They resist wear and tear They are slip resistant T h e y are r e c y c l e d produc t s, so y ou are h e l p i ng t he e n v i ronm e nt They are very durable with long lasting attributes They are fire resistant They are maintenance free They will not crack or chip

12. Glass floors are made with transparent g l ass when it is useful to view something from above or below; whereas i s u s ed when there i s no need to v i ew through. I n e i ther case, transparent glass is u s u a lly chosen, for i ts durability and resistance to breakage Glass as a flooring material is used in both residential and commercial structures. Special hollow glass block known as '"glass pavers ”. INSTALLATION Floor panels are constructed of laminate layers of tempered, annealed, or heat- strengthened glass. Laminated glass flooring requires a rigid support with a deflection of L/500 Glass flooring is very expensive to replace once installed To maintain the aesthetic beauty of glass flooring, it is important to keep the panel clean. A soft, clean, non-abrasive cloth and a mild detergent, or non-abrasive glass cleaning solution is suitable for cleaning. A f t e r c l ean i n g, r i n se i m m e d i a t e l y w i t h c l ea n w a t e r an d r e mo v e an y e xc e ss w a t e r fr o m t h e p a ne l surf a c e . Do n ot use a br a s iv e c l eane rs, b l ea c h , sc o ur i n g p o w der or p a ds w h i ch c a n scra t ch an d damage g l a ss f l o o r i n g . Minimum support depth should be 20-30mm. joints should be more than 4mm.wide joints used of 6mm. GLASS FLOORING

13. PRE CAST PAVING PCPSs are long-term pavement repair treatments best suited to heavily trafficked areas that have a high cost for lane closures during construction. All PCPSs include methods for precast production, transportation and ensuring the panel is properly bedded to the subgrade. There are both jointed and unjointed slabs along with prestressed and non-prestressed systems. ADVANTAGES OF PRE CAST PAVING The greatest advantage of PCPSs is their ability to meet municipalities’ traffic mitigation goals. The second-biggest advantage to using PCPSs is precast concrete’s proven durability. PCPS are designed to last, with the same criteria as new roller-compacted concrete construction that has an expected lifespan in excess of 50 years. The material’s precision and quality are derived from the plant-controlled conditions of the precast facility. Internal quality-control inspection and testing assure a high-quality product

14. PRECAST PAVERS Precast concrete pavers have been in the limelight for quite a while. These pavers are the popular choice among architects and landscape designers because of their flexibility and variety. Sand, gravel, pebbles and cement are the basic raw materials for making precast concrete pavers.  ADVANTAGES OF PRE CAST PAVERS First, concrete is a durable material and is said to last for over 100 years! That’s a really long time. Second, compared to other materials, the strength of concrete develops over time making it suitable to bear heavy loads and structures. Third, precast concrete requires minimum maintenance. Precast concrete pavers are versatile, flexible and easy to install. They are the perfect materials to add a dash of life to any dull living space . CONSTRUCTION PRECAST PAVEENT PRECAST PAVERS