Types of Gloves in dentistry

there are various types of gloves used in dentistry. Thus presentation discusses a small number of them, including their advantages and disadvantages. Latex allergy causes, prevention and treatment are also discussed.

1. GLOVES IN DENTISTRY

2. Presented by: Khalid Mohamed Mostafa Mohamed Ibrahim Course: Infection Control (Pharos University Postgraduate program)

3. OUTLINE -Types of Gloves -Classification according to use -Comparison of Glove Material in Dentistry -Hand Hygine and proper handling of gloves. -Latex Gloves *Definition *characteristics -Latex Allergies *Definition *Types *Prevalence * Management

4. INTRODUCTION No single glove can provide appropriate protection for every work situation It is important to assess the risk for each task and select a glove that provides specialized protection .

5. TYPES OF GLOVES Rubber, plastic or synthetic gloves:   These types of glove can be used when cleaning or working with oils, solvents and other chemicals.

6. TYPES OF GLOVES Chemical/liquid-resistant gloves:   Several types of gloves help protect against specific chemicals : Butyl rubber gloves   Natural latex/rubber gloves Neoprene gloves   Nitrile rubber gloves Vinyl Gloves

7. TYPES OF GLOVES Chemical/liquid-resistant gloves:   Natural Latex/ rubber gloves: water solutions or acids, alkalis, salts, and ketones.

8. TYPES OF GLOVES Chemical/liquid-resistant gloves:   Neoprene gloves:   Hydraulic fluids, gasoline, alcohols and organic acids.

9. TYPES OF GLOVES Chemical/liquid-resistant gloves : Nitrile Gloves: M ade out of a synthetic rubber, and are an ideal alternative when latex allergies are of concern .  S uperior when it comes to puncture resistance . 

10. TYPES OF GLOVES Nitrile Gloves: Advantages: -Latex-free puncture resistant H igh level of sensitivity Mold to your hand for a great fit Are good for wearing an extended amount of time Work well for high-risk situations involving infectious material Resist many chemicals Have a long shelf life Are available in blue or black to help identify if the glove has been punctured

11. TYPES OF GLOVES Chemical/liquid-resistant gloves : Vinyl Gloves: Latex-free Have a looser fit Are good for short-term, low-risk tasks Are the most economic option Best for use with non-hazardous materials L ightly powdered to make it easier to put on

12. Classification according to use in Medical field - Examination Gloves - Surgeons’ Gloves - Both are subject to FDA criteria and only those specified by the FDA may be used in Medical and dental fields on patients.

13. 1. Kohn WG, Collins AS, Cleveland JL, et al. Guidelines for infection control in dental health care settings — 2003.  MMWR Recomm Rep . 2003;52(RR-17):1-68. Available at:  http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5217a1.htm . Accessed June 2004.

14. Dental Supplement | Medical Glove Selection for Dental Professionals

15. proper handling of gloves.

16. Hand Hygiene

17. LATEX GLOVES Definition: T he term "latex" refers to natural rubber latex. It is the product manufactured from a milky fluid derived from the rubber tree,  Hevea brasiliensis . Several types of synthetic rubber are also referred to as "latex," but these do not release the proteins that cause allergic reactions.

18. LATEX GLOVES: ADVANTAGES Superior fit High level of touch sensitivity Can be worn for an extended amount of time Work well for high-risk situations involving infectious material Cost-effective Lightly powdered Very elastic and strong Biodegradable

19. REACTIONS TO LATEX Types: Immediate Hypersensitivity Delayed Hypersensitivity Irritant Contact Dermatitis

20. REACTIONS TO LATEX: LATEX ALLERGY Who is at risk of developing latex allergy ? Health care workers Workers with less glove use. (ex: housekeepers , hairdressers, and latex manufacture)

21. REACTIONS TO LATEX: LATEX ALLERGY Immediate Hypersensitivit y A reaction to certain proteins in latex rubber . Amount that produces reaction: Unknown. Relationship between amount of exposure and likelihood of sensitivity: Directly proportional

22. REACTIONS TO LATEX: LATEX ALLERGY SYMPTOMS : Onset: Usually immediate, but may be delayed . Mild reactions: skin redness, rash, hives, or itching .

23. REACTIONS TO LATEX: LATEX ALLERGY More severe reactions: respiratory symptoms ( such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, scratchy throat, and asthma (difficult breathing, coughing spells, and wheezing). Rarely, shock may occur; however, a life-threatening reaction is seldom the first sign of latex allergy.

24. REACTIONS TO LATEX: LATEX ALLERGY Is skin contact the only type of latex exposure ? No . Latex proteins become fastened to the lubricant powder used in some gloves . When workers change gloves, the protein/powder particles become airborne and can be inhaled .

25. REACTIONS TO LATEX: IRRITIANT CONTACT DERMATITIS Are there other types of reactions to latex besides latex allergy? Yes .   1) irritant contact dermatitis ( the development of dry, itchy, irritated areas on the skin, usually the hands .) Cause: wearing + powder N ot a true allergy. 

26. REACTIONS TO LATEX: ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS 2) Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Cause : exposure to chemicals added to latex during harvesting, processing, or manufacturing . similar to those caused by poison ivy. Symptoms : rash 24 to 48 hours after contact oozing skin blisters

27. LATEX ALLERGY PREVELANCE Recent reports in the scientific literature indicate that from about 1% to 6% of the general population and about 8% to 12% of regularly exposed health care workers are sensitized to latex [Kelly et al. 1996; Katelaris et al. 1996; Liss et al. 1997; Ownby et al. 1996; Sussman and Beezhold 1995]. one study of exposed hospital workers found that 54% of those sensitized had latex asthma, with an overall prevalence of latex asthma of 2.5% [ Vandenplas et al. 1995]. Prevalence rates up to 11% are reported for non-health care workers exposed to latex at work [van derWalle and Brunsveld 1995; Nasuruddin et al. 1993; Orfan et al. 1994; Tarle et al. 1990].

28. MANAGEMENT OF ADVERSE REACTION TO LATEX “PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE” 1 . Use non latex gloves. 2. Use powder free latex gloves. 3. When wearing latex gloves, do not use oil-based hand creams or lotions ( glove deterioration )

29. MANAGEMENT OF ADVERSE REACTION TO LATEX PREVENTION (CONT.) 4. Frequently clean work areas contaminated with latex dust 5. Frequently change the ventilation filters and vacuum bags. 6. Recognize the symptoms of latex allergy 7 . If you develop symptoms of latex allergy, avoid direct contact with latex.

30. MANAGEMENT OF ADVERSE REACTION TO LATEX Best way to prevent latex allergy? avoidance! Established latex allergy: Medical ID Bracelet.

31. MANAGEMENT OF ADVERSE REACTION TO LATEX severe allergic reaction: injectable epinephrine . A naphylactic shock, you may need : - injection of adrenaline - ER - Oxygen - Corticosteroids less severe reactions: - Antihistamines

32. SUMMARY There are many types of gloves, each for a specific use. Latex rubber is one of the most widely used materials in manufacture of gloves. The best method to prevent latex allergy is by avoiding latex products.

33. REFERENCES -Kohn WG, Collins AS, Cleveland JL, et al. Guidelines for infection control in dental health care settings — 2003.  MMWR Recomm Rep . 2003;52(RR-17):1-68. Available at:  http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5217a1.htm . Accessed June 2004 . - -[ Kelly et al. 1996; Katelaris et al. 1996; Liss et al. 1997; Ownby et al. 1996; Sussman and Beezhold 1995 ]. -[ Vandenplas et al. 1995 ]. -[ van derWalle and Brunsveld 1995; Nasuruddin et al. 1993; Orfan et al. 1994; Tarle et al. 1990]. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-135 : Preventing Allergic Reactions to Natural Rubber Latex in the Workplace Guide to Infection Prevention for Outpatient Settings: Minimum Expectations for Safe Care http://www.cdc.gov/hai/settings/outpatient/outpatient-care-guidelines.html