Types of larva and pupa

types of larva and pupa

1. Topic- TYPES OF LARVAE AND PUPAE Asst. Professor – Mr. Jagmeet Singh Department of Entomology University College of Agriculture

2. Nymph vs. Larva Young one of exopterygote insects Resemble adults and differs from the adult with regard to the wings and genitalia Food habits of nymph is same as adult Mouthparts are similar to those of adults Nymph have 3 pairs of thoracic legs as in adults Example - Exopterygote Young one of endopterygote insects Differs from adults in appearance. Food habits of larva is totally different from its adult Mouth parts are different from adults in most cases Number of legs in larva are variable from 0-11 pairs in various orders, and legs are present in both thorax and abdomen Example - Endopterygote

3. Types of larvae Oligopod larvae Polypod larvae Apodous larvae

4. 1. Oligopod larvae Thoracic legs present, but abdominal legs absent Oligopod larvae is hexapodus with well developed head capsule. Mouthparts similar to adult with no compound eyes. Well developed head capsule and its appendages Types :- Two types Campodeiform Scarabaeiform

5. Campodeiform larva Straight body Thoracic legs relatively well developed and long Usually active Mostly predators Examples - Neuroptera , Trichoptera , Coccinellid beetles, Ground beetles Larva of Lady bird beetle

6. Scarabaeiform larva C shaped body Head-Hypognathous Thoracic legs relatively reduced, short Inactive Mostly phytophagous Ex; Coleoptera Larva of White grub

7. Elateriform Elongate, Cylindrical, smooth and shiny Larva of click beetle

8. 2.Polypod larvae Both thoracic legs as well as abdominal legs present Well developed segmentation in thorax and abdomen Generally Phytophagous Types – 3 types Caterpillar Semi- looper Looper larvae of Lepidoptera

9. Caterpillar Larva of Cabbage butterfly Pro-legs five pairs One pair each on 3-6 and 10 th abdominal segment

10. Semi- looper Cotton Semi- looper Pro-legs three pairs One each on 5 th , 6 th and 10 th abdominal segment

11. Looper Inchworm Pro-legs two pairs One each on 6 th and 10 th abdominal segment

12. 3. Apodous larvae Legs absent poorly sclerotized . Types :- Three types Acephalous Hemicephalous Eucephalous

13. Larva of House fly Acephalous The have a greatly reduced head, completely enclosed into the thorax.

14. Larva of striped horse fly Hemicephalous The have a reduced head, poorly developed in the posterior portion

15. Eucephalous The have a well developed head Larva of mosquito

16. Pupa is a non feeding and inactive stage of insect between the larva and adult with complete metamorphosis. Types based on A. presence or absence of mandibles Decticous Adecticous B. Whether the appendages are free or adhere to the body Exarate Obtect Coarctate Cocoon Pupa

17. 1. Based on presence or absence of mandibles

18. . 1. Decticous Presence of articulated mandibles . e.g. Lace wing, Scorpion flies

19. 2. Adectious Absence of articulated mandibles. Pupa of lady bird beetle

20. 2. Based on whether the appendages are free or adhere to the body

21. 1. Exarate The appendages are free and not encapsulated with in a cocoon. Decticous pupae are always exarate Pupa of Honey bee

22. Obtect The appendages are close to the body and are commonly encapsulated with in pupal case . Pupa of Neem looper

23. Coarctate the appendages are not visible. The pupa is enclosed in a puparium , formed from the last larval skin. This is clearly adecticous exarate pupa. Pupa of housefly

24. Cocoon Obtect pupa enclosed by protective silken or earthen case or cocoon Cocoon of Silk moth

25. Thanks