Types of listening

Notes

1. UNIT-3 LISTENING

2. THE LISTENING PROCESS Steps of Listening: Sensing / Hearing : At this stage , the listener simply attends to the speaker to focus on the message Decoding / Interpreta tion : the listener decodes or interprets the message . If the listener fails to misinterpret the words correctly the message is misunderstood Evaluation : At this stage the listener decides what to do with the received information. The judgments you make at the stage of evaluation are crucial to the listening process Response: The listener’s respond

3. Importance of Listening Communication is not complete without effective listening Listening helps finding out more information-For decision making or problem solving Listening helps in learning about people and how their minds work It helps in improving relations with people the necessary art of listening : Professional people spend their 65% of their time listening in learning new ideas or concepts so that one can understand people better

4. Purpose/importance of listening To get an introductory idea of an oral message To understand the main points of lecture To discover the speaker’s idea during a conversation To understand different viewpoint in order to contribute a discussion Aim a broad understanding of the subject matter of a seminar It facilitates good relationship with people

5. Continued.. To obtain specific information to understand new changes& development in a particular field To broaden one’s outlook & understanding or seek evidence for one’s own point of view It helps in in learning about people & how their minds work It helps in understanding the problem clearly & solving the same Listening builds trusts, we trust people who listen to us, and we are more open to their influence, guidance & persuasion

6. Importance of skills to lectures Instructions Conversations Views in G.D Various communication activities to customers Boss peer group Subordinates seminar presentations various foru ms As a student as a professional

7. Difference b/w hearing and listening Hearing a mechanical process unconcerned /listener plays a passive part indifferent to message Involuntary Happens automatically Passive process A one way process Listening A dynamic activity & involves interpretation Listener plays active part Voluntary Involves conscious effort active process two way process{s+l}

8. Types of Listening.. Informative Listening Vocabulary Concentration Memory Goal is to accurately receive information from another person Does not involve criticizing or judging, only learning

9. Critical Listening Goal is to consider ideas heard from a speaker to decide if they make sense Helps with making decisions based on logic and evidence, rather than on emotion

10. Emphatic listening understand what the speaker is saying and feeling an effort to look at the world through someone else’s view irate client, helping a friend with an emotional situation

11. Appreciative Listening Goal is to listen for enjoyment or entertainment Does not involve analyzing or evaluating information Sample scenarios include attending a rock concert, listening to music at home, or going to a Broadway show

12. CONTINUED.. Discriminative Listening Identifying the difference between various sounds Enables you to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar language The subtlety of accent and pronunciation, typical of a language , can be identified by this type of listening

13. Attentive/Active Listening It is the most desirable type of listening It involves making a conscious effort to listen attentively and decode the message listening to administrative instructions, suggestions, requests, imp. telephone calls

14. Passive/pretence/superficial listening This involves more hearing than listening It means pretending through a facial expression There is no effort to process the message The message is not absorbed Passive listening takes place when the receiver is constrained by various physiological and psychological barriers

15. Selective/Focused listening Here the listening is for specific information It involves selecting the desired part of the message and ignoring the undesired part of the message The attention of the listener is not focused The listener lets the mind wander listening to TV programmes,Railway & airport announcements

16. Intuitive Listening It is a higher form of listening It means listening through the intuitive mind The listener has to be alert to the speaker’s implied meaning, intention and attitude

17. Listening Barriers [A ] Physiological Barriers Include 1] State of health of the listener and speaker: - any form of bodily discomfort makes it difficult to listen attentively - Poor health conditions of speaker reduce his ability to speak well 2] Disability: - Hearing deficiencies may lead to poor listening - Speech disorders of the speaker - Speaking rapidly or speaking in accent, leads to unclear message 3] Wandering Attention: - Human mind can process 500 words per minute , whereas a speaker speaks at a rate of 150 words per minute, - Concentrating and analyzing would improve listen ing

18. Listening Barriers [B] Psychological Barriers relate to behavioral aspects. 1] Being unsure about the speakers ability : the listener may have a preconceived notion of the speaker’s ability 2] Attitude: The listener may with a “know it all” attitude and may not listen because he feels he already knows what the speaker has to say the listener assumes it can be done without much concentration and effort An over critical attitude may shift --- to notice faults and errors. 3] Impatience: The listener may not have patience 4] Emotional blocks : deep-seated beliefs in certain ideas

19. PART [C] - BARRIERS Listening is a complex process Smooth flow of oral communication [II ] physical barrier : noise, person talking on phone, several distractions in the surroundings. All channels should be free from noise during the time of communication [III] linguistic barrier : speaker should use the language that the listener understands IV] cultural barri er: speaker & listener belong to diff. cultures , share diff. values ----- interpretation of the meaning can create misunderstanding

20. Improving Listening Skills Efforts by listener: Concentration : Pay attention to the speaker and disallow your mind to wander Preparation : Gather information on perceived difficult topics and remove distractions in the environment Show Interest : Look attentive and use non verbal cues such as eye contact , nods, smile etc

21. Continued.. Listen for the whole message: Comprehend both verbal and non verbal communication such as voice intensity , body movements etc 5. Empathy : Put yourself in the speaker’s shoes , this will help you to better understand what speaker is trying to say 6. Listening before evaluating: Listen first and then evaluate ,as premature judgment hampers effective listening

22. Improving Listening Skills Efforts by listener: 7. Note Taking: Taking notes enhances the efficacy of the listening process 8. Paraphrasing: It is simple restating what another person has said in your own words 9. Body Language : Maintain positive body language , an upright posture , eye contact with speaker reflects listener’s interest in what is being said

23. Improving Listening Skills Efforts by speaker: The speaker needs to have clarity of thought and purpose , he should be clear about what is he conveying to the audience The speaker needs to communicate the message in a lively , stimulating manner which will capture the attention of the listener The speaker should try to empathize with the listeners He speaker should modulate his delivery to retain the attention of the audience