TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATORS

TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATORS

1. TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATOR DR . MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR [email protected]

2. MECHANICAL VENTILATOR

3. TYPES OF VENTILATORS Ventilators come in many different styles and method of giving a breath to sustain life.

4. MANUAL VENTILATORS There are manual ventilators such as  bag valve masks  and  anesthesia bags  that require the users to hold the ventilator to the face or to an  artificial airway  and maintain breaths with their hands.

5. SMART BAG VALVE MASK RESUSITATOR

6. OTHER TYPES

7. Mechanical ventilators are ventilators that does not require operator effort and are typically computer-controlled or pneumatic-controlled

8. Mechanical ventilators typically require power by a battery or a wall outlet (DC or AC). Some ventilators work on a pneumatic system and does not require power.

9. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON TECHNOLOGY There are a variety of technologies available for ventilation, falling into two main types as follows : 1. POSITIVRE PRESSURE VENTILATORS 2. NEGATIVE POWER VENTILATORS

10. TYPES AND MODE OF FUNCTIONING

11. COMMON POSITIVE-PRESSURE MECHANICAL VENTILATORS Transport ventilators—These ventilators are small and more rugged, and can be powered pneumatically or via AC or DC power sources.

12. POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATOR

13. MECHANISM OF POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATOR

14. POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATOR PPMV ventilators are larger and usually run on AC power (though virtually all contain a battery to facilitate intra-facility transport and as a back-up in the event of a power failure).

15. PPMV ventilator provides greater control of a wide variety of ventilation parameters (such as inspiratory rise time). Many ICU ventilators also incorporate graphics to provide visual feedback of each breath.

16. POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATORS ventilators (PAP) — These ventilators are specifically designed for  non-invasive ventilation . This includes ventilators for use at home for treatment of chronic conditions such as  sleep apnea  or  COPD .

17. MODES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION Mechanical ventilation utilizes several separate systems for ventilation referred to as the mode. Modes come in many different delivery concepts. Different modes fall into one of three categories

18. MODES OF MV Volume-cycled  Pressure-cycled Spontaneously cycled

19. The selection of mode of mechanical ventilation for a given patient is based on the familiarity of  clinicians  with modes and the equipment availability at a particular institution.

20. FUNCTIONING MECHANISM Positive-pressure ventilators work by increasing the patient's airway pressure through an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube.

21. The positive pressure allows air to flow into the airway until the ventilator breath is terminated. Then, the airway pressure drops to zero, and the elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs push the  tidal volume  — the breath-out through passive exhalation

22. NEGATIVE PRESSURE MACHINES Negative pressure mechanical ventilators are produced in small, field-type and larger formats.

23. The prominent design of the smaller devices is known as the  cuirass , a shell-like unit used to create negative pressure only to the chest using a combination of a fitting shell and a soft bladder.

24. In recent years negative pressure device has been manufactured using various-sized  polycarbonate  shells with multiple seals, and a high-pressure  oscillation pump  in order to carry out  biphasic cuirass ventilation .

25. It is mainly used in patients with neuromuscular disorders that have some residual muscular function.

26. MECHANISM OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE VENTILATOR

27.  In spontaneous breathing, a negative pressure is created in the  pleural cavity  by the muscles of respiration, and the resulting gradient between the  atmospheric pressure  and the pressure inside the  thorax  generates a flow of air.

28. In the iron lung by means of a pump, the air is withdrawn mechanically to produce a vacuum inside the tank, thus creating negative pressure.  This negative pressure leads to expansion of the chest, which causes a decrease in intrapulmonary pressure, and increases flow of ambient air into the lungs.

29. As the vacuum is released, the pressure inside the tank equalizes to that of the ambient pressure, and the elastic coil of the chest and lungs leads to passive exhalation

30. when the vacuum is created, the abdomen also expands along with the lung, cutting off venous flow back to the heart, leading to pooling of venous blood in the lower extremities.

31. There are large portholes for nurse or home assistant access.The patients can talk and eat normally, and can see the world through a well-placed series of mirrors. Some patients could remain in these iron lungs for years at a time quite successfully.

32. INTERMITTENT ABDOMINAL PRESSURE VENTILATOR The INTERMITTENT ABDOMINAL PRESSURE VENTILATOR applies pressure externally via an inflated bladder, forcing exhalation, sometimes termed  exsufflation .

33. NEONATAL VENTILATORS Neonatal ventilators are designed with the preterm neonate in mind. These ICU ventilators are designed to deliver the smaller, more precise volumes and pressures required to ventilate these patients.

34. NEO NATAL VENTILATOR

35. REFERENCE Tobin MJ. Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation. 2nd ed. 2006. Google Scholar 2.Anjan T, Singh PM. The critically ill obstetric patient – recent concepts. Indian J Anaesth . 2010;54:421–7. CrossRef Google Scholar 3.Ang CK, Tan TH, Walters WA, Wood C. Postural influence on maternal capillary oxygen and carbon dioxide tension. Br Med J. 1969;4:201–3. CrossRef PubMed PubMedCentral Google Scholar 4.Mechanical ventilation – clinical applications; Vijay Deshpande & T.R. Chandrashekar. Google Scholar

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