types of network Network_Components.pptx

Types of Computer Networks
Computer networks are categorized according to:
How they are organized physically.
The way they are used
The distance over which they operate
Here we are going to discuss computer networks categorized according to the way they are used and the distance they cover
LAN (local area network)
WAN (wide area network)
MAN (Metropolitan area network)
Components of a Network
1 Communication Media
2 NIC ( network interface card)
3 Bridge
4 Router
5 gateway

1. Types of network & Network Components LAN WAN and MAN

2. Types of Computer Networks Computer networks are categorized according to: How they are organized physically. The way they are used The distance over which they operate Here we are going to discuss computer networks categorized according to the way they are used and the distance they cover LAN (local area network) WAN (wide area network) MAN (Metropolitan area network)

3. LAN LAN stands for Local Area Network. most common type of network. covers a small area, usually within one office or a building. LAN is used to share resources like printers, hard disks, and programs.

4. LAN Speed LAN can transmit data at a very high speed, typically from 10 Mbps to 1000 Mbps. Much faster than data transmission over a telephone line. Transmits data within a limited distance and has a limit on the number of connected computers. Example The network in a computer lab of a college is an example of a local area network.

5. Uses and Advantages of LAN - One copy of software can be shared by all users in a LAN. - System resources like printers and hard disks can be shared between users in LAN. - Easy to manage data stored on a centralized computer in LAN. - Data is more secure from being copied or destroyed. - Data can be shared by all users using LAN.

6. Components of a Network Communication Media NIC( network interface card) Bridge Router Gateway Different components of a network include

7. Communication Media Path through which data is transferred from one computer to another. Wired Low-cost LANs: twisted wire pair. Expensive LANs: coaxial or fiber-optic cables. wireless Wireless networks: infrared or radio waves. Wireless networks are easy to setup and maintain but have low transmission rates.

8. NIC NIC stands for Network Interface Card. Also known as LAN adapter. Connects a computer to a network. Installed on the motherboard. Most systems have built-in NIC.

9. Bridge Used to interconnect two LANs and separate network segments. Determines the segment for signal transmission. Reads addresses of sending and receiving computers. Does not pass signal if both computers are in the same segment. Reduces network traffic and increases performance.

10. Router Connects multiple networks using similar or different protocols. Manages the best route between communication networks. Can be used on a network of any size. Connects networks of different countries. Uses algorithms to find the best path to transfer data.

11. Gateway Connects two or more networks with different types of protocols. Converts data according to the protocol of each network. Necessary for LANs to access the Internet.

12. WAN WAN stands for Wide Area Network. Covers a large area, connects computers and devices in different cities and countries. Consists of several LANs connected together. Connected through telephone lines, leased lines, or satellites. Transmission rate: 56Kbps to 50Mbps. Expensive, not as fast as LAN. Internet is the largest WAN in the world.

13. Mainframe and Minicomputers in WAN Designed to be accessed by terminals. Personal computer must appear as a terminal to communicate with larger computers. Terminal emulation software allows a personal computer to appear as a terminal.

14. Host Computer Larger computer known as host computer. Personal computer attached to host can upload and download data. Uploading: Transfer of data from personal computer to host. Downloading: Transfer of data from host computer to personal computer. File transfer software used for upload and download.

15. Examples of WAN Network connecting ATMs of a bank in different cities. Network connecting NADRA offices in different cities of Pakistan. Internet connects millions of users worldwide to share information.

16. MAN MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. Covers an area of a city. Larger than LAN but smaller than WAN. Connects two or more LANs in a city or town.

17. Examples of MAN Network connecting different branches of a company in the same city. Network connecting different campuses of a college in a city. Cable TV network in a city.

18. Advantages of MAN Covers a larger area than LAN. Provides higher data speed than LAN. Disadvantages of MAN More expensive than LAN. Difficult to maintain compared to LAN.