Types of Networking Devices

A brief Introduction to different types of Networking Devices and emerging Wireless Technologies.

1. Network Devices and Wireless Technologies BY Shubham Bathe (FYMCA02)

2. The Hub Hubs are cheap and simple, but wastes a lots of bandwidth Each incoming bit is replicated on all other interfaces Hubs are the cheapest way to create a simple network Hub causes a lots of unnecessary traffic problems and network congestion due to packet flooding Hubs work with the raw data so they operate at the Physical Layer of OSI reference model

3. The Switch Unlike hubs, switches examine each packet and process it accordingly rather than simply repeating the signal to all ports Switches map the Ethernet addresses of the nodes residing on each network segment and then allow only the necessary traffic to pass through the switch Switches are easy to install and self learning devices that’s why they are more smarter than Hubs Switches work with MAC addresses so they operate at the Data-Link Layer of the OSI reference model

4. Modems A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines. Computer information is stored digitally whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. The main function of a modem is to converts between these two forms i.e. Analog signal to Digital signal and vice versa

5. Bridges A bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments within one logical network A bridge is usually placed between two separate groups of computers that talk with each other, but not that much with the computers in the other group Bridge is a device that connects a local area network (LAN) to another local area network that uses the same protocol (for example, Ethernet or token ring).

6. Routers : The device that ties networks together Hubs and Switches are devices that can be used to create networks , but what if we want to establish a connection between two or more networks ?? So a Router is hardware device designed to receive, analyze and move incoming packets to another network Routers can analyze the data being sent over a network, change how it is packaged, and send it over a different network For example, routers are commonly used in home networks to share a single Internet connection between multiple computers

7. Routers Routers work with IP addresses so they operate at the Network Layer of the OSI reference model

8. Functions of Router Routing the packets from source to the destination Performing Network Address Translation Assigning IP addresses to Host Broadcasting a WiFi signal

9. Top Wireless Technologies Wi-Fi Direct : Portable Wi-Fi that goes with you anywhere Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Wi-Fi Direct® is a certification mark for devices supporting a technology that enables Wi-Fi devices to connect directly enabling them to do things like printing, sharing, syncing Mobile phones, cameras, printers, PCs, and gaming devices connect to each other directly to transfer content and share applications quickly and easily Devices can make a one-to-one connection, or a group of several devices can connect simultaneously

10. Top Wireless Technologies Wi-Fi HaLow : Low power, long range Wi-Fi With industry momentum mounting around a low power Wi-Fi® solution, Wi-Fi Alliance® has introduced Wi-Fi HaLow ™ as the designation for products incorporating IEEE 802.11ah technology Wi-Fi HaLow operates in frequency bands below one gigahertz, offering longer range, lower power connectivity to Wi-Fi CERTIFIED™ products Wi-Fi HaLow’s range is nearly twice that of today’s Wi-Fi Wifi Halow will be powering Smart Home, connected car, and digital healthcare

11. Top Wireless Technologies Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Miracast Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Miracast ™ is a groundbreaking solution for seamlessly displaying multimedia between devices, without cables or a network connection Users can do things like view pictures from a smartphone on a big screen television, share a laptop screen with the conference room projector in real-time, and watch live programs from a home cable box on a tablet Miracast connections are formed using Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Wi-Fi Direct®, so access to a Wi-Fi® network is not needed – the ability to connect is inside Miracast -certified devices

12. Top Wireless Technologies IEEE 802.15.4 : ZigBee The ZigBee protocol offers 128-bit AES encryption. The technology is also used in Mesh networks, which allow nodes to be connected together through multiple pathways. The wireless technology is hoped to ultimately be implemented in things like smart home devices .

13. Top Wireless Technologies IEEE 802.16: WiMax WiMax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access This wireless technology allows data to be transferred at a rate of 30-40 megabits per second The technology was once used by several mobile carriers WiMAX is intended to serve as the next step in the evolution of 3G mobile phones, via a potential combination of WiMAX and CDMA standards called 4G. The technology can be used both indoors and outdoors, however, WiMax devices typically produce a better signal when used outside or by a window

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