TYPES OF PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION.pptx

extraction in herbal plants

1. TYPES of extraction in phytochemicals of medicinal plants Submitted by Abhijit Padhi

2. phytochemical Phytochemical are bioactive chemical compounds that occur naturally in plant-based food. They have antioxidant properties, which means they can neutralize harmlful free radicals. EXAMPLES : mainly founds in fruits, vegetables and some foods. In phytochemicals mainly found vitamin- ‘C’ and ‘E’, anthocyanidins, carotenoids, catechins, beta-carotene, flavonoids, isoflavones, polyphenols. Antioxidant: Antioxidants are substances that can protect your cells from radicals. Free radicals: These are unstable molecules that can cause harm to human DNA, cell membrane, and other parts of the cells.

3. How antioxidant works in human body

4. Classification of phytochemical Phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans, cucuminoids Beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes and steroids Allicin, diallyl sulfide , glycosinolates , and indole-3-carbinol Ginsenosides, soyasaponins, and diosgenin Chelates minerals Beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol

5. Steps involves in phytochemicals extraction

6. Extraction This process is mainly used for separation of medicinal active compounds from plant potions like tissue using a standard procedure through solvents. Techniques used for extraction :

7. Maceration

8. infusion

9. percolation

10. digestion

11. decoction

12. Hot Continuous extraction ( soxhlet )

13. Aqueous-alcoholic extraction by fermentation

14. Counter-current extraction

15. Microwave-assisted extraction

16. Ultra-sound extraction (sonication)

17. Supercritical fluid extraction

18. Phytonic extraction (with hydrofluorocarbon solvents

19. Other extraction PROCESS for various plants products

20. Hydro-distillation techniques Hydro-distillation is a method of extracting essential oils from plant materials using water or steam. It is a type of steam distillation, but the plant materials are immersed in water and boiled together with the water. The steam that carries the essential oils is then condensed and separated from the water. Hydro-distillation is a traditional and simple technique that can be performed using a Clevenger apparatus or a simple alembic. Some advantages of hydro-distillation are that it can extract essential oils from dried or fresh plants, and it does not require any solvents or chemicals. However, some disadvantages are that it can cause thermal degradation or hydrolysis of some components, and it can be time-consuming and energy-intensive.

21. clevenger

22. Headspace tapping / solid phase microdistillation

23. Protoplast extraction

24. Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME)

25. THERMOMICRO-DISTILLATION extraction

26. Application of extraction Phytochemical analysis : Extraction is a principal method for isolating compounds from plant materials. Extraction moves compounds from one liquid to another, so that they can be more easily manipulated or concentrated. Medicinal and nutraceutical products : Extraction is used to obtain the bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and herbs, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, etc. These compounds have various pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, etc.  Extraction methods can affect the yield, quality, and stability of the extracted compounds. Natural dyes and pigments : Extraction is used to obtain the natural dyes and pigments from plant sources, such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, chlorophylls, etc. These compounds have various applications in food, textile, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Essential oils and fragrances : Extraction is used to obtain the essential oils and fragrances from aromatic plants, such as lavender, rose, mint, etc. These compounds have various applications in perfumery, aromatherapy, and flavoring industries. DNA and RNA : Extraction is used to obtain the DNA and RNA from plant cells, which are the genetic materials that store the information for the synthesis of proteins and other molecules. DNA and RNA extraction can be used for various purposes, such as genetic engineering, molecular breeding, gene expression analysis, etc.

27. Thank you